MONKEY. 



animals, from the oran to the smallest monkey, 

 though we know too little of their habits and history 

 to enable us to arrange them in the proper order of 

 succession. It has been said that at least one of the 

 species (S. maura) has been found in the island of 

 Madagascar ; but this seems a mistake, the Mada- 

 gascar animal being allied to the baboons, or at all 

 events to the macacos, the former of which are 

 chiefly African, and the latter Asiatic animals. 



That handed animals, far better adapted for climb- 

 ing than for any other purpose, should be so abun- 

 dant in the south-east of Asia, the greater part of 

 them chiefly if not exclusively adapted for vegetable 

 food, is a proof of the vast production of wild fruits 

 in that garden of the globe ; and the fact that these 

 animals are not so omnivorous in the structure of their 

 teeth as the handed animals of Africa, agrees with 

 the more uniform fertility of the eastern country. 



There is still another division of monkeys of the 

 eastern continent to which the name macaco has 

 been given, which name is understood to be a gene- 

 ral one for all kinds of monkeys, at least in some parts 

 of the coast of Guinea. The animals which some 

 describers include in this division are not very clearly 

 defined ; and if a perfectly natural classification of 

 the qnadrumana could be made, it is not easy to say 

 in what place they ought to be arranged. Some of 

 them partake much of the baboon character ; others 

 more resemble the apes, at least some species of ape ; 

 and others again more resemble some of the monkeys. 

 They have the teeth of the monkeys ; and, like the 

 semnopitheci, they have a fifth tubercle to the last 

 molar. They have also cheek-pouches and callosities 

 on the buttocks. Their legs are, however, shorter 

 and proportionally stouter than those of the monkeys, 

 or even the apes ; their muzzles are more produced, 

 and their facial angles more acute. When young 

 they are docile and manageable ; but when they 

 grow up, the males especially, are ferocious, and their 

 manners partake not a little of the offensiveness of 

 those of the baboons. From their structure, they are 

 of course better walkers than the more typical mon- 

 keys, but much less expert in their movements among 

 trees. They are chiefly found in Asia ; and some 

 of the species spend a good deal of their time on the 

 ground. We shall mention very briefly one or two 

 of the leading species. 



Radiated Monkey (M. radiatus}. This is an Indian 

 species, particularly abundant on the coast of Mala- 

 bar, though it stands the climate of Europe better 

 than many of the others, and breeds freely in con- 

 finement. Its principal colour on the upper part is 

 greenish-grey, which is also continued on the upper 

 part of the tail ; the under part and insides of the 

 legs are whitish. The length of the body is about a 

 foot and a half, and that of the tail not quite so much. 

 It appears a stouter animal in proportion to its size 

 than the more typical monkeys. 



The Chinese-bonnet Monkey (M. Sinicus') has the 

 fur on the upper part bright fawn colour, with the 

 tail slightly brown, and the under part of the body 

 and insides of the legs whitish. The naked parts of 

 the feet are black, and there is a streak of the same 

 colour on the lower lip, but the lace is flesh-coloured. 

 The produced hair on the upper part of the head, 

 on account of which it gets its trivial name of Chinese 

 bonnet, gives it rather an odd appearance. This tuft 

 is divided un the lop of the head, and turned towards 

 each L-idc, reaching the cais ; and there is a black 



line a little over each eye, something in the position 

 of an eyebrow, but placed higher on the forehead. 

 The hair over the body of this species is parti- 

 coloured, the base of each hair being grey, and the 

 remaining part marked with alternate rings of black 

 and yellow, only the yellow predominates. It is a 

 native of the East, being found on the main land of 

 India, and also in some of the islands. 



The hair-lipped Monkey {M. cynomolgus) is gene- 

 rally understood as being an African, from which 

 country it is very often brought to Europe. This is 

 larger in size than either of the Asiatic species, and 

 approaches more to the structure of the baboons, 

 though it still has the tail nearly as long as the 

 body. The full-grown male is nearly two feet and 

 a half in length, and the tail is little less. It is thus 

 larger than any of the monkeys properly so called ; 

 and it is also much more clumsy in its structure, 

 especially in the structure of the fore legs. It has a 

 large head, flattened on the under part, but the muzzle 

 is short and blunt. The nose is flat, and there is a 

 remarkable elevation or ridge and crest which projects 

 over the eyebrows. The fingers are united by mem- 

 branes as far as the second phalanx, so that this species 

 has not equal command of the fingers with some of 

 the others. In a state of nature there is not much 

 known of its manners, but in confinement it is much 

 less lively and disposed to climb than the lighter and 

 longer-limbed monkeys. It walks readily on all fours, 

 and rests itself by squatting on the callosities. The 

 mouth and hands are indiscriminately used in the 

 operation of feeding, and the cheek-pouches are 

 always filled before the process of swallowing is begun. 

 This last is, indeed, a habit with most of the quadru- 

 mana which have cheek-pouches. The position of 

 repose is either on the side, or resting on the callosi- 

 ties with the head bent forward between the knees. 

 The female is considerably smaller than the male, and 

 more handsome in form, if handsomeness can be pre- 

 dicated of creatures which are unshapely in their 

 forms and repulsive in their manners. The head is 

 considerably smaller than that of the male, and, though 

 the crest is not so projecting, it equally covers the 

 eyes. The hair on the top of the head is directed 

 from both sides toward the mesial line, where the two 

 united stand up forming a crest, which has procured 

 this female the name of the agret monkey. The face 

 is bordered with long and straight grey hairs, which 

 give it a curious appearance. The canine teeth of 

 the female of this species, and indeed of all the 

 species of this imperfectly understood division, are 

 very small, not projecting beyond the incisors ; and 

 the female has not the same vicious disposition as the 

 male. It appears, however, that she is wanting in 

 an instinct for which many of the monkeys are 

 remarkable, and which has been so long known as to 

 have been made the foundation of some ancient 

 fables. We mean the instinct of attachment to her 

 offspring. Very many of the handed animals are 

 remarkable for the most solicitous tenderness in this 

 respect, and it displays itself in so many little atten- 

 tions and endearments to the young one by its mother, 

 that it goes a good way to redeem the other and 

 more offensive habits of the animals. But the female 

 of this species, at least, when in a state of confine- 

 ment, pays little or no attention to her offspring. A 

 pair which were kept in the French menagerie pro- 

 duced one young one in 1817, and another in 1818, 

 and on both occasions the mother neglected them, and 



