MONTANA TAME^. 



771 



margins of the segments serrated, and six points at 

 the posterior extremity. By the assistance of the 

 serrated points of the segments of the abdomen, the 

 pupa makes its way immediately before its final me- 

 tamorphosis to the surface of the ground, where it 

 protrudes the fore part 'of the body into the air. 

 According to Fabricius, the larva? of Ckrysops also 

 reside under ground, and those of Hcematopota in 

 dung. 



The genera are : Pangonia, Dicrania, Rhinomyza, 

 Tabanus, Diabasis, Acantliocerus, Hcematopota, Hex- 

 atoma, Chrysops, Silvius, Raphiorhynchus, and Acan- 

 thomera, the three printed in italics being inhabitants 

 of this country. The genus Pangonia is especially 

 distinguished by the great length of the proboscis, 

 which, in some species from Georgia, in Ame- 

 rica, and Nepaul, are more than twice the entire 

 length of the body. Tabanus is distinguished by its 

 short thick proboscis, and by the emarginate struc- 

 ture of the third joint of the antennae. The species 

 arc very numerous, and are found in almost all parts 

 of the world. The type of this genus is the Tabanus 

 bovinus, Linnaeus, a large handsome species, an inch 

 long, with the body brown above, grey beneath, eyes 

 green, tibia? yellowish, and with transverse lines and 

 triangular spots of pale yellow on the abdomen. The 

 wings are transparent, with reddish-brown nerves. 



TABERN^EMONTANA (Linnaeus). A genus 

 of tropical trees and shrubs, mostly ornamental ; the 

 flowers are sweet-scented and pentandrous, and the 

 genus ranks among the Apocynea. The species are 

 favourite stove-plants, are grown in light loam and 

 heath mould, and are increased by cuttings rooted in 

 sand. 



TACHINA (Meigen). A very extensive germs 

 of dipterous insects belonging to the family Muscidcc, 

 having very much the appearance of common'flies, with 

 the body narrow, or of moderate width ; the face a 

 little oblique ; the antenna; reaching to the epistoma ; 

 the second joint elongated, and as Jong, or nearly as 

 long, as the third ; eyes naked ; abdomen cylindrico- 

 conical, ordinarily destitute of bristles in the middle 

 of the segments. This very numerous genus com- 

 prises various species of Miiscidce, the larva? of which 

 are parasitic in the bodies of caterpillars, in the same 

 manner as the Ichneunwnidce. The genus, in fact, 

 may be regarded as the type of a still more extensive 

 group which M. Macquart has named Tnchinftricc, 

 and Robineau-Desvoidy Entomobicc, all of which ex- 

 hibit the same parasitic habits. The food of these 

 insects, which they obtain from flowers, has far less 

 influence upon their habitats than the cares for their 

 progeny. They deposit their eggs upon the outside 

 of different insects, especially caterpillars ; and the 

 larvae, as soon as hatched, burrow into the body, and 

 there find a supply of food, taking care not to touch 

 the vital parts. Lepidopterous lame are especially 

 liable to the attacks of these insects, and our breeding 

 cages are sometimes filled with a swarm of these flies, 

 instead of some scarce moth or butterfly which we 

 had hoped to rear. The type of the genus is the 

 Musca larvarum of Linnaeus. 



TACHINIDES (Mannerheim). See BRACH- 

 ELYTRA and TACHYPORID.*. 



TACHYPORIDJE (MacLeay). A family, or 

 rather a subfamily, of coleopterous insects belonging 

 to the division Brachdytra, and corresponding to the 

 two tribes Tachinidcs and Aleoc/iarides of Manner- 

 heim. The chief character of this family consists in 



the small size of the head, which is immersed in the 

 thoracic cavity as deep as the eyes, without any dis- 

 tinct neck ; the thorax is broader behind than in. 

 front ; the body is of a moderate length, or is some- 

 what elliptical ; the mandibles without teeth ; the 

 elytra often cover a considerable portion of the abdo- 

 men. They chietty reside in fungi or dung. They 

 are very active in their motions, and are occasionally 

 prettily varied in their colours. 



The chief genera are, Lomechusa, Tachintis, and 

 Tacftyporus. In Tachimis the tibia? are spinose, the 

 antennae gradually thickened, and the palpi filiform. 

 The G. tachyporus differs from the latter chiefly by 

 having the paipi terminated by a small conical joint. 

 The species are numerous and of small size. 



TAGETES (Linna?us). A genus of South Ame- 

 rican annual hebs, belonging to the natural order 

 Composites. Some of the species have been long cul- 

 tivated as tender annuals ; that is, raised in a hotbed 

 in the spring, and transplanted into the open borders 

 in May and June. The French and African mari- 

 golds are two of the most common. 



TALIERA (Martins). The T. Bcngalensis is a 

 magnificent palm, native of India, where it was found 

 by Roxburgh, and by him called Corypha taliera. In 

 our collections they require to be kept, potted in 

 light soil, in the warmest part of our stoves. 



TAMARINDUS (Linnaeus). A genus of large 

 and handsome trees, natives of both East and West 

 Indies. The flowers are monadelphous, and the 

 genus belongs to Leguminosce. These trees are cele- 

 brated for the excellence of their fruit, being medici- 

 nal as well as dietetic. The woods and jungles of 

 the Coromandel coast are thickly studded with these 

 magnificent trees, yielding almost at all times their 

 delicious fruit. The pods hang long on the tree after 

 the pulp is ripe. In our stoves the plants are kept 

 in a diminutive state, and may be increased by 

 cuttings. 



TAMARISCINE^E. A natural order compris- 

 ing only one genus, namely, Tainarix, of which there 

 are six species. The species are chiefly shrubs or 

 perennial suffruticose plants, with rod-like branches, 

 small, entire, alternate, scale-like leaves, usually glau- 

 cous, diaphanous at the apex, and without stipules. 

 The inflorescence is in racemes or spikes, and the 

 flowers regular and united. The calyx is four or five 

 cleft, persistent, and imbricate in aestivation. Petals 

 attached to the base of the calyx, arid equal in num- 

 ber to its divisions, and also imbricate in aestivation. 

 Stamens equal in number to the petals, or twice as 

 many filaments, free or monadelphous ; anthers two- 

 celled and burst longitudinally. Germen superior, 

 free. Style short, and stigmas three. The species 

 arc natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Some of 

 the kinds have an astringent tonic bark, and yield, 

 when burnt, a large proportion of sulphate, of soda. 

 It is stated that it is a species of T. gallica, which 

 produces that peculiarly saccharine and gummy mat- 

 ter known as the manna of Sinai. The species thrive 

 in any soil, and are propagated by cuttings put in the 

 ground either in autumn or early in spring. 



TAME^E. A natural order containing only one 

 genns ; viz., the Tamus communis (black briony), and 

 two species. They are climbing herbaceous plants, 

 having very large tubers, whence the roots and stems 

 are produced. The leaves are cordate, flowers axillary, 

 in racemes small and white, succeeded by red berries, 

 and common in British hedges. Qualities dangerous 

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