816 



the hornet moth, and T. bombicifonne, Hb. ; (Cra- 

 broniforme, Lewin, the lunar hornet moth), see JGE- 

 RIID^E. These insects reside in the larva state in the 

 stems of the broad-leaved willows (SaKxcaprcsn), which 

 they longitudinally perforate in various directions. 

 These larvae are fleshy grubs with a scaly head, six 

 short legs, and eight fleshy prolegs. An interesting 

 account of the habits of this insect is published in the 

 third volume of the Linnsean Transactions, and more 

 recently by the Rev. W. T. Bree in the new and 

 improved series of the Magazine of Natural History. 

 These larvae enter the stems near the roots, eating 

 their way upwards for several inches, sometimes to 

 the length of a foot or more. " Being an internal 

 feeder, the caterpillar of course is only to be found 

 by cutting into and opening the stems of the willow 

 in which it is inclosed, finding there both food and 

 lodging. Salix capresa abounds in our coppices near 

 Allesley, Warwickshire, and forms a useful and rapid- 

 growing underwood. When the periodical falls 

 take place, I have observed that scarcely a single 

 willow-wand is cut down that does not exhibit proofs 

 of the ravages of this insect ; sometimes three or 

 four, or even five separate perforations occur in the 

 same stem. To the woodmen our elegant sphinx 

 must be regarded as in some degree an injurious 

 insect. The wood of Salix caprcea is with us usually 

 either sold to the rake-maker, for the purpose of 

 being worked up into rake-teeth, &c., or converted 

 into what are here called flakes, i. e., hurdles made of 

 split stuff nailed together, in contradistinction to the 

 common hurdle, which is formed of round wood 

 twisted and plaited together without the help of nails. 

 The lower, and consequently the thickest portion of 

 each willow rod, to the length of five or six inches, 

 or occasionally a foot or more, is spoiled by the per- 

 forations of the larva, and rendered unavailable to 

 the above purposes." The writer hereof has met 

 with this handsome species in the osier beds on the 

 south side of the Hammersmith Suspension Bridge. 

 (See Trans. Ent. Soc., Part III.) 

 < TROGID^E (MacLeay). A family of coleopte- 

 rous insects, of small extent and obscure colours, 

 separated from the genus Scarabcsm (see LAMELLI- 

 CORNES), distinguished by having the antenna? ten- 

 jointed, the basal joint large and hirsute ; the palpi 

 are short ; the maxilla toothed ; the body rugose and 

 tuberculated, or fasciculated on the upper side ; the 

 thorax short and transverse, with the anterior angles 

 advanced in front. There are only two British 

 genera, Mgialia and Trox, the former globose and 

 smooth, the latter more ovate and rugose. The type 

 of the genus Trox (of which there are four British 

 species) is the Scarabceus sabulosus, Linnaeus. They 

 are generally found in sand-pits and similar situa- 

 tion?. 



TROGOSITA (Fabricius). A genus of cole- 

 opterous insects, belonging to the family Cucujidce, 

 having the mandibles exposed and robust, but shorter 

 than the head ; the body narrow and depressed ; the 

 antennae shorter than the thorax, and terminated by 

 a compressed three or four-jointed mass ; the labium 

 is entire, and the maxilla have one lobe. The type 

 is the Tenebrio mauritanicus, Linnaeus, an insect about 

 one-third of an inch long, of a pitchy black colour. 

 It feeds upon bread, flour, &c., and is occasionally 

 taken beneath the bark of trees. Its larva is very 

 injurious in Provence, where it is known under the 

 name of the Cadelle. This is the only British species. 



TROGIDjE TULIP ACE JE. 



The exotic ones are rather numerous, and some of 

 them very splendidly coloured. 



TROLLIUS f(Linngeus). A genus of showy 

 flowering herbs, found in the north of Europe and 

 America. The flowers are polyandrous, and belong 

 to Iianunculact'(E. The T. Ewopceus is a native of 

 Britain, and called the globe-flower division. 



TROP^EOLE^E. A natural order, containing 

 only one genus, to which the well-known Tropceolum 

 majus, or Indian cress of our gardens, belongs. This 

 order comes near to Geraniacecs, but differs in 

 having separate stamens, and in the number of petals. 

 There are eleven species described, all natives of 

 Peru. T. pentapliyllum is used as an antiscorbutic ; . 

 the flowers of both T. majus and T. minus are an in- 

 gredient in salads, and their fruit are used as capers, 

 or as a pickle. 



TROPHIS (Linnaeus). A genus of two West 

 Indian trees, called there Ramoon-trees. The flowers 

 are direcious, and the genus belongs to Thymelece. 

 The species are free-growing plants in our stoves, 

 and are increased by cuttings. 



TRUXALIS (Fabricius ; GRYLLUS ACRIDA, 

 Linnaeus). A genus of exotic orthopterous insects, 

 belonging to the family Locustidae, distinguished at 

 once by the elongated form of the head, having the 

 eyes placed near the extremity of the long and 

 slender pyramidal front, with the mouth very low, 

 and appearing to be placed at the breast, and by the 

 prismatic or ensiform antennae. The species are of 

 considerable size, and often elegantly varied with 

 pink, green, purple, &c., especially,, on the wings. 

 They are inhabitants of the warmer climates of the 

 globe. 



TRYPOXYLON (Latreille ; APIUS, Jurine). A 

 genus of hymenopterous insects, belonging to the 

 family Crabronidfs, and distinguished by the very 

 elongated form of the abdomen, which is gradually 

 narrowed into a peduncle at the base. The man- 

 dibles are curved and without teeth ; the upper wings 

 have two submarginal cells, each receiving a recur- 

 rent nerve. The type is the Sphex figulus, Linnaeus, 

 a very common insect in gardens, &c., of a black 

 colour, with the margins of the abdominal segments 

 and the face silvery. The female makes use of the 

 old burrows of other insects, which she discovers in 

 stumps of wood, &c., and in which she buries small 

 spiders as the food of her offspring, closing up the 

 hole with moistened earth. (See Shuckard's Mono- 

 graph of the British Fossores, and the Trans. Ento- 

 mol. Soc., Vol. 1., Part III., for a memoir upon the 

 habits of this insect). 



TUBEROSAjs the Polianthes tuberosa of Lin- 

 naeus, an East Indian genus, celebrated for the 

 powerful fragrance of its flowers. The tubers are 

 annually imported into this country from Italj'. 

 These are potted in sandy loam and peat-earth, 

 placed in a hot-bed to bring them forward to flower 

 in the autumn, and then are placed in the green- 

 house, or entrance-halls of dwelling-houses, as grate- 

 ful ornaments. 



TULIPACE^E. A natural order of beautiful 

 flowering plants, natives of temperate climates, and 

 containing eight genera, of which there are one hun- 

 dred and twelve species already described. The 

 genera are, Yucca, Tulipa, Fritillaria, Cyclobothra, 

 Calochortus, Lilium, Glonosa, and Erythronium, all of 

 \ which, except the first, have been previously dc- 

 | scribed under the proper generic names. But the 



