THE DAIRY. 83 



being non-porous, and easily kept clean, either as floors or 

 walls. No underground drains should be put into a dairy, for 

 they are apt to choke up and foul, and are difficult to purify. 

 Surface drains, whose exit is through a loose grid in the wall, 

 are easily kept clean ; but if an underground drain be really 

 necessary which will very seldom be the case, save in dairies 

 whose floors are below the level of the ground outside it 

 should consist of glazed sanitary pipes whose joints are made 

 tight with cement. A dairy built with an inner wall, between 

 which and the outer one there is an air-space, will have a more 

 nearly even temperature than we generally find in a dairy, 

 and will also be dry enough for all practical purposes. And 

 also as to the roof, an air-space should be formed between the 

 tiles and the ceiling : that is, there should always be a ceiling 

 in a dairy, in order to create what may be termed an air- 

 cushion a softener of the sun in summer, and of the frost in 

 winter. 



Dairy Equipment. 



Perhaps these remarks about cleanliness are quite as applic- 

 able to a cheese-dairy as to a butter-dairy, and they are more so 

 than to a butter-dairy in which a cream-separator is employed. 

 But they may be used appropriately in reference to any sort of 

 a dairy whatever, because cleanliness in all its aspects is of the 

 greatest importance in dairy work. Where butter-making is 

 followed on the old open-pan system which, by the way, if 

 properly managed, will produce as fine butter as the world 

 ever saw or will see the quality of coolness in summer is 

 second only to that of cleanliness in importance. So far as the 

 winter is concerned, the temperature of the dairy may be regu- 

 lated by means of hot- water pipes running round by the wall 

 and on the floor. Of the various sorts of milk-pans, the best 

 are of white porcelain, or of enamelled sheet-iron. These are 

 without seams, perfectly smooth and non-porous, and are easily 

 cleaned ; and, indeed, they have a cleaner look than any 

 other sort. 



But for its extreme brittleness, glass would be about the best 



