FOREIGN BUTTER-MAKING. 135 



into a tub containing water which has been boiled and allowed 

 to get cool ; in this way the water flows over the butter and 

 washes the butter-milk off the outside of the mass, though 

 it cannot very well wash it from the inside unless, indeed, 

 the butter is still in so granular a condition that the water can 

 permeate throughout the entire mass. 



It is thought that the washing of butter may carry off the deli- 

 cate aroma, and therefore be " detrimental to the bouquet of 

 the butter." But if the washing be carefully done with pure 

 water or good brine, there is no danger whatever of injuring the 

 aroma of the butter. Often have I seen in this country carefully 

 washed butter with its delicious aroma not only not injured, but 

 certainly improved by the removal of all the butter-milk and with 

 it the sour smell of the cream. 



It is probably true that butter may be injured in the way 

 suggested in churns which have so small a mouth that the water 

 for washing unavoidably falls heavily on the butter inside, but 

 this may be obviated by pouring the water carefully into the 

 churn. The kneading of butter by the hands has been dis- 

 continued, and butter-workers are used instead in all the better 

 establishments. 



" The development of the dairy industry in Denmark has 

 been accompanied by a remarkable extension of the co-opera- 

 tive system. This system has been adopted to meet the want 

 of organisation felt by the farmers, and has proved eminently 

 successful as far as the dairies are concerned." 



It is estimated that about one thousand co-operative dairies 

 exist in this little country of the Danes, and herein we have 

 an explanation of the " uniformity " which marks the Danish 

 butter. These establishments are managed under " articles of 

 association " which cover every conceivable point in reference 

 to the milk and the butter j and in addition thereto in order 

 that the members may obtain cheap and good feeding materials 

 the directors " arrange for the purchase of such materials in 

 bulk," and deliver the same to the members. " In order to 

 insure that the butter may at all times have a satisfactory aroma, 

 every member is bound to purchase so much rape -cake as shall 



