THE MILK AND CREAM TRADE. 141 



a quantity but seldom found in any milk as it comes from the 

 cow. Inspectors are constantly on the look-out for people who 

 are inclined to defraud the public by selling milk adulterated 

 with water, or milk which has been robbed of a portion of its 

 cream. Convictions of such people frequently occur, and this 

 ceaseless supervision is necessarily a permanent thing. These 

 inspectors, whose duty lies in protecting the public, from impo- 

 sition, are expected to use great diligence in detecting frauds in 

 milk, and it would go hardly with one if he were found to 

 connive at such practices. 



But it is not in every case the dealer's fault if milk falls below 

 the standard minimum of quality; sometimes, be it admitted 

 in sorrow, a farmer's own sense of honesty is not quite immacu- 

 late. Sometimes, again, the milk may be brought below the 

 limit by feeding cows on food that stimulates quantity of milk 

 at the expense of quality on excessive quantities of brewers' 

 grains, malt-culms, and so forth. It is, however, not an easy 

 thing in all cases to adulterate the milk through the mouth cf 

 the cow : much depends on the cow, whether she is naturally 

 inclined to yield inferior milk, as the Dutch cows do milk 

 that under any system of feeding, however good, will always 

 contain too large a percentage of water. 



Separated Milk. 



The milk trade owes a great deal to the refrigerator and 

 the separator ; the cream trade is almost wholly dependent on 

 the latter. The surplus milk on a dealer's hands can now be 

 dealt with in a way which reduces loss to a minimum, so long 

 as it has not soured and thickened. The separator, indeed, is 

 indispensable. Surplus milk is at once run through this won- 

 derful machine, and its most valuable ingredient, the cream, is 

 secured for sale or for the churn. 



Bur what is to be done with the separated milk, which in 

 itself is a valuable article of food ? The demand for separated 

 milk is not large, and the price it will command does not pay 

 the expense of an elaborate system of distribution. The difti- 



