The Rev 



EDITED BY 



EVIEWS 



HENRY STEAD. 



APRIL, 1913. 



THE PROGRESS OF THE WORLD, 



Hellenic army, 

 some 100,000 

 in its hands. 



The End of the War. ^ 



March has been a disastrous month 

 for the Turks. On the 6th, the Greeks 

 captured Janma, considered b\' Euro- 

 pean militar}' men as almost impreg- 

 nable ; Essad Pasha, with 35,000 men, 

 surrendered after two days' furious 

 bombardment, during which 30,000 

 shells were fired into the doomed 

 city. Ergeni, another stronghold, 

 also fell to the victorious, and 

 formerly aespised, 

 which has now 

 Turkish prisoners 

 The Bulgarians, reinforced by 40,000 

 Servians, with 98 guns, they them- 

 selves numbering 120,000, with 370 

 guns, thundered for weeks against 

 what were supposed to be the up-to- 

 date and powerful forts of Adrianople, 

 garrisoned by 75,000 men, armed with 

 200 siege guns and 450 field pieces. 

 A fierce artillery duel preceded the 

 carrying of the most advanced posi- 

 tions on Tuesday morning, March 24th. 

 It now appears that the Turks had not 

 enough guns to defend the whole for- 

 tress on all sides, but dragged them 

 from position to position to repel at- 

 tacks. The general assault prevented 



their doing so on this occasion, and 

 it seems, too, that their ammunition 

 failed at last. Covered by the deadly 

 fire of their guns, the Allies carried the 

 Eastern forts in a night assault on 

 Tuesday. Once there they enfiladed 

 the other forts, which were captured, 

 to quote the victorious General Ivan- 

 off's words, " like ripe fruit when the 

 tree is shaken." The losses on both 

 sides were appalling. The Bulgarians 

 had some 1 1 ,000 Killed and wounded, the 

 Servians about 1,500. The ghastly de- 

 tails of the assault would not have 

 been made known except for the fierce 

 controversy 'between the Servians and 

 the Bulgarians as to who should have 

 the credit of the capture, a wrangle 

 which does not auger well for the 

 future settlement between the Allies. 

 The long resistance of the Turks is the 

 more remarkable, when we learn from 

 English correspondents that instead of 

 the impregnable forts which were sup- 

 posed to protect Adrianople, these 

 were shoddy at the best. A lath, 

 painted to resemble iron, had held up 

 the Bulgarian army for months. The 

 gallant defender of Adrianople — 

 Shukri Pasha — appears to have kept 



