THE TESTICLE AND THE OVARY 385 



menstruation and conception are very infrequent, but this result may 

 be due to the general metabolic disturbance arising from the absence 

 of the glands. Blair Bell found that after thyroidectomy in the cat 

 the uterus underwent atrophy similar to that observed after the 

 removal of the ovaries. According to the same author there is in 

 Rodents a considerable increase in the functional activity of the 

 thyroid in regard to colloid production after ovariotomy. It is stated 

 also that the colloid is basophile instead of eosinophile and this change 

 is regarded as representing a storage secretion formed to meet the 

 altered conditions of metabolism. According to Leo Loeb 1 almost 

 complete thyroidectomy during pregnancy does not always necessarily 

 lead to abortion, but no hypertrophy was found in the thyroids of the 

 foetuses. 



The Parathyroid. According to Pool, 2 the efficiency of the para- 

 thyroid is affected by the oestrous cycle, for tetany, which is the clinical 

 manifestation of parathyroid insufficiency, is especially prone to occur 

 during menstruation, pregnancy, or the puerperium, when the para- 

 thyroids fail to adjust themselves to an increased metabolism. Blair 

 Bell states that castration may prevent tetany in cats from which the 

 thyroids and most of the parathyroids have been removed, and this 

 result is ascribed to a retention of calcium. In maternal tetany 

 calcium in large doses has a beneficial resiilt. 



The Suprarenal. There is some evidence of a correlation existing 

 between the sexual organs and the suprarenals. Thus Gottschau :5 

 states that in rabbits changes occur in these organs during pregnancy, 

 the outer zone of the cortex becoming twice its normal thickness, 

 whereas the medulla is said to become thinner. Similarly, Stilling 4 

 states that in frogs during the pairing time the medulla dis- 

 appears, while characteristic cells known as " summer cells " become 

 developed. Bulloch and Sequeira 5 state- that in cases of children 

 with carcinomata of the suprarenals, this is associated with pre- 

 mature development of the genital organs and the accessory 

 generative glands. According to (rlvim, 6 adrenal hypernephromata 

 are generally associated with sexual precocity and overgrowth of 

 hair in children. 



1 Loeb, "Studies on Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland," I., 

 Jour. Med. Research, vol. xl., 1919. 



2 Pool, "The Relation of the Parathyroid System to the Female Genital 

 Apparatus," A'n/., Gyn. and Obgtet., vol. xxv., 1917. 



3 Gottschau, "Ueber Nebennieren der Saiigethiere, etc.," 8itz.-K<>r. </. phi/n. 

 med. (resell, zu Wiirzburff, vols. xvii.-xviii., 1882. 



4 Stilling, "Zur Anatomie der Nebennieren," Arch. f. Milcr. Annt., vol. lii., 

 1898. 



" Bulloch and Sequeira, " On the Relation of the Suprarenal Capsules to the 

 Sexual Organs," Trans. Path. Hoc., vol. Ivi., 1905. 



c Glynn, "The Adrenal Cortex, its Rests and Tumours; its Relation to 

 other Ductless Glands, and especially to Sex," (Jitar. Jour, of Med. t vol. v., 1912. 



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