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half an inch on the edge. Put the boards together in V shape with 

 the flaring edges at the bottom inside and resting on the ground. 

 Take an eight-foot board, trimmed down the same, but two inches 

 narrower. Mortise and bolt the ends into the side boards about 

 two feet from the ends. Put two bolts through where the side 

 pieces are joined to make the front of the leveller. Bolt a hook on 

 top so that the whipple" trees may be attached. Nail an eight-inch 

 board across near the centre. When you want to cut down a ridge, 

 ride upon the board, drive the horses on one side and swing your 

 weight so as to cut into the soil. If you wish to fill up dead" fur- 

 rows or ditches, drive along one side and throw the weight of the 

 body where the soil is to be moved from, and thereby guage the 

 filling of the hole. 



The land may have crab-holes or hog-wallows in it, and if 

 so, the best treatment for these, before rilling them up, is a charge 

 or two of dynamite. These crab-holes indicate an impervious sub- 

 stratum, which must be broken up if proper drainage is to be 

 secured. If they are merely picked in and filled up with the scoop 

 they will be nothing better than quagmires when the heavy rains 

 fall. The most satisfactory way of treating them is by blasting. I 

 have a paddock, a portion of which, when cleared, showed a con- 

 siderable depression honeycombed with crab-holes. With a steel 

 crow bar I drilled holes all round the depression, about 4 feet deep 

 and from 10 to 12 feet apart, and in each hole put a couple of plugs 

 of dynamite. The result is most satisfactory. 



What was a minature lake in the winter is now under crop, not 

 a drop of water is lying on the surface, and the crop there, if any- 

 thing, looks better than that in any other part of the paddock, in all 

 probability owing to the deep tillage or shaking up the ground got. 

 The cost of doing all this, and reclaiming about half an acre of 

 ground, was not more than 255. Dynamite is preferable to powder, 

 or any other explosive, because the force expended is chiefly in a 

 downward direction. It is perfectly safe to use and easily obtainable. 

 The charge must be put in deep at least four feet as it is the 

 impervious stuff below that one wants to break up. If it is not put 

 down to this depth the surface merely will be shattered, and little or 

 no good effected. After the blasting the sides of the crab-holes 

 should be picked in, the holes rilled up with earth by means of the 

 scoop, and well rammed. 



Before or after ploughing it may be considered desirable to 

 measure up the land exactly, and the measurer shown in the 

 accompanying cut can be made without very much trouble, and will 

 be found useful in laying off lands and measuring ground before 

 planting any particular crop. 



The implement is made in the following manner : Four boards, 



cut in the form shown, are "halved" together at the ends and 



braced by crosspieces, so as to form an octagonal wheel, the circuni- 



erence being just one rod, and each side one-eighth of a rod, or 



