If a field has 50 turns to the acre, the loss will be 37^ minutes ; 

 if 100 turns per acre, i hour 15 minutes ; if 200 turns per acre, 

 2 hours 30 minutes ; and to these must be added time taken up in 

 resting. 



Limit of draught : 7 cwt. per furrow. Ordinary ploughing 

 varies from 3 to 5 cwt., or 170 to 280 Ibs. per horse, depending on 

 nature of soil, etc. Steam plough equals 6] cwt. per furrow (25 

 cwt. in all) at 100 yards per minute ; depth, 6 inches. 



McConnclVs Note Book. 



VINEGAR. Ordinary vinegar is made by the fermentation and 

 acetirication of cider, wine, molasses, etc., and the management 

 requires no great skill. All that is wanted is a temperature above 

 50 deg. F. and plenty of air, and the process will proceed of its own 

 accord. Vinegar from sugar. Put 9 Ibs. of brown sugar to every six 

 gallons of water ; boil it for a quarter of an hour, and then pour it 

 in a tub in a lukewarm state ; put to it a pint of good yeast, let it 

 work four or hve days, stir it up three or four times a day, then turn 

 it into a clean barrel, iron-hooped, and set full in the sun. Trade 

 " Secrets." 



WAGGON JACK FOR LIGHT WAGGONS. The illustration depicts 

 a very convenient and easily constructed waggon jack. The base 

 or main piece is a 2 by 4 in. scantling 4ft. long. The top or notched 

 stick is 2 ins. by 3 ins. of about the same length. At each end of 

 the base and on each side, bolt pieces 2ins. by i^ ins. Let one set 

 be about 18 ins. or 20 ins. high and the other 26 ins. or 30. ins. 

 Fasten the short pair so it will be stationary, but the other pair must 

 be so it will move backward and forward. Arrange the lever so 

 that when in the position shown at A, the notched stick will be 

 nearly horizontal. Then place the jack under the axle of the wag- 

 gon. Bring the lever to the position shown in B. This will lift the 

 wheel off the ground, and if the jack has been properly constructed 

 the lever will remain in position while the wheel is being taken off 

 and the axle greased. Make the top and upright pieces of some 

 kind of hard, strong wood the lighter the better. The bottom can 

 be of pine. 



WEIGHT OF CATTLE BY MEASUREMENT. A correspondent of 

 the Agricultural Gazette gives his plan, which he was taught by a 

 gentleman who had had great experience with the tape, and had, 

 moreover, the great advantage of being able to see his bullocks 

 weighed afterwards in a butcher's shop (a relative's). For the girth 

 find the smallest place just behind the shoulder, and for the length 

 measure from the point of the shoulder where the neck appears to 

 be set on to a point square with the hind quarters. Multiply the 

 square of the girth by the length, and the result by 42, and divide 

 the product by 100, the result of which division will be the weight 

 of the animal in 8-lb. stones. Example : Girth, 6 ft. 4 in. ; length, 

 4 ft. 7 in. : 



