439 



virgiuianum. (Spurred butterfly pea) A twining 

 perennial bean, with trifoliate leaves and large, showy violet llowers 

 an inch long. The pods are 4 to 5 inches long, many-seeded, 

 linear, flat, thickened at the edges, and marked with a raised line 

 on each side next the margin. Common in sand)' woods in the 

 Southern States, extending into tropical America. It furnishes a 

 large amount of valuable forage in woodland pastures, and is 

 worthy of cultivation. 



Ccmtonia siliqua. (Carob tree ; St. John's bread ; carob bean.) 

 A leguminous tree, often attaining a height of 50 feet, indigenous 

 to the eastern Mediterranean region, but introduced somewhat 

 widely through the Southern States and in California. Its saccha- 

 rine pods are very valuable as a food for stock, and are sometimes 

 used as human food. The fruit is abundantly produced, even in 

 arid regions and in seasons of drought. The pods contain about 

 66 per cent, of sugar and gum, and are fed in rations of about 6 

 pounds per day, crushed or ground. 



ChcnopoiUum. (Pigweed ; goosefoot ; lamb's-quarters. Fig. 

 6.) There are a large number of native and introduced species in 

 the United States, all of which are eaten by cattle and sheep, con- 

 tributing much valuable forage when young. They are adapted to 

 arid and barren lands, as well as to cultivated fields, and should be 

 included in the list of forage plants adapted to the grazing regions 

 of the west. 



Ciccr arid in it in. (Chick pea ; ram's horn ; gram ; coffee pea. 

 Fig 7.) An annual legume, native of Armenia, which has been 

 cultivated as cattle food and as an article of human diet for over 

 three thousand years. Next to the cereals, it forms the largest part 

 of the food used in Spain, India, and portions of Africa. The seeds 

 are ground into meal, and used in the same manner as cotton-seed 

 meal for fattening animals. The leaves are covered with a clammy 

 exudation, consisting largely of oxalic acid, so that the plant itself 

 is unsuited for forage, but it is often used as a soil renovator. The 

 yield of seed is sometimes very large upward of 100 bushels to 

 the acre. The crop ripens in about four months. 



Cichorhim endivium. (Endive.) This culinary vegetable is 

 particularly adapted as a pasture plant for extremely arid regions, 

 as it matures seed which will germinate in the hottest deserts of 

 central Australia. (Von Mueller.) 



Cichorium intybus. (Chicory.) A well-known perennial, in- 

 digenous to Europe and northern Asia, where it is found growing 

 wild along roadsides and in old fields. It is a good fodder plant, 

 especially for sheep, and can be kept growing for several years if it 

 is cut before flowering. The roots are much used as a substitute 

 for coffee. 



Convolvulus ednlis (Sweet potato). The tubers are used in many 

 parts of the southern States as food for cattle, and the vines are 

 cured on racks like cowpeas, and used for hay. 



