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not wanted to. The plants appeared in less than a week, and the 

 rough leaf in a fortnight. Owing to the moisture and warmth at 

 that season of the year, it grew like magic, and by the end of May 

 was fit for the ewes and lambs. Over twelve head per acre were 

 pastured on this rape, besides numerous milch cows and other 

 cattle, until January, 1888, when the residue, with all the sheep 

 droppings, was ploughed under, but not too deeply. The land was 

 allowed again to sweeten for a few months, and the vegetable matter 

 to decompose. It was next sown with " Chevalier " barley, in the 

 proportion of one bushel to the acre this was towards the end of 

 April. The yield was 25 bushels to the acre of a magnificent sample 

 of malting barley, which was sold for seed at 6s. 6d. per bushel. 

 This prosperous result was gained in a season when the rainfall for 

 the whole year was 14*51 inches. In the following year this land 

 w;is again sown with " Chevalier" barley, and produced a prime 

 sample, which yielded 20 bushels to the acre. In 1890 I sowed 

 this land with Cape barley, oats, a little rape, vetches, peas, and 

 beans for an ensilage crop, and secured a yield of fully 10 tons to 

 the acre of prime succulent herbage. This was cut in November, 

 the land was manured with farm-yard compost, and immediately 

 sown with sorghum, which yielded in the following February 15 

 tons, being 25 tons per acre of cow feed in a dry district. But to 

 return to rape. I have secured better results by sowing it in drills, 

 and, when the ground requires cleaning, this is the best method of 

 cultivation. When drilled in from ij Ib. to 2 Ib. of seed to the 

 acre will be sufficient, but when broadcasted, 5 Ib. to 6 Ib. will be 

 necessary. The seed can usually be purchased at threepence 

 per Ib., so that the cost of the seed is very small. When 

 sown in drills, as the rough leaf appears on the plant, 

 the horse-hoe should be freely used between the rows to 

 keep down the weeds and to keep the soil open and loose, fractur- 

 ing the capillary tubes which bring the moisture from the lower 

 strata, and is dissipated into vapors in the air. No attention need 

 be given to the thinning of rape. Rape being an excellent cleans- 

 ing crop when grown in drills and cultivated, it may, with advan- 

 tage, be grown between two tops of grain. Rape can also be 

 grown as a catch crop, i.e., as soon as a cereal crop is removed, if 

 the land is not too stiff, the stubble land may be simply scarified, 

 harrowed, and brought to a fine tilth, and the seed sown. The 

 crop may be either pastured or ploughed in as green manure. Rape 

 makes a capital soiling crop. The crop can be cut down and fed 

 to cows or other animals in a shed, or scattered over a small pad- 

 dock or yard. But it is as a farm manure that rape is of so much 

 value to the Australian farmer in recuperating his worn-out wheat- 

 sick soil. The question may fairly be asked, how can the growing 

 of rape without manure, and ploughing it in, improve the fertility of 

 the land, seeing that nothing is added to it, but that is only restored 

 to it which was taken out, by the crop ? To this inquiry I reply, 



