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very start made money where many of their neighbors, on the 

 same kind of land, could scarcely keep the \voll" from the doOT, 

 But, to return to our horses, where you have to use more than one 

 together, see that they are evenly matched as to pace. It will be 

 economv to give a good price for a horse that will walk at the same 

 rate as the one you have, better than get a quicker or a slower -me 

 at a lower price. If they are not matched thus one horse will all 

 the time be having the greater share of the work, and it will be 

 irritating to the tempers of both the horses and the driver to keep 

 trying to make the one keep up with the other, or holding the 

 faster one back. It will not signify nearly so much if one be 

 smaller than the other, so long as their pace is equal. 



CATTLE. 



\Ye shall now proceed to describe the cattle that we have to 

 choose from, and in doing so I would ask my readers to bear in 

 mind that it is a dairy farm that we are writing about, and what 

 would be suitable for a dairy farm may not suit general farming, 

 nor would the animals that are most profitable in general agriculture 

 pay on a dairy farm. 



There is no hard and fast rule that can be laid down as to 

 what kind of cattle is most suited for dairying. Dairying may be 

 divided into three kinds, viz. : First, producing milk for daily con- 

 sumption ; second, producing milk for butter-making ; third, pro- 

 ducing milk for cheese-making. These three divisions may be con- 

 siderably mixed up, and often are. Thus, a dairyman may make 

 butter at one time of the year, and rind that at another time it pays 

 him better to make cheese. Or, he may make butter when milk^is 

 plentiful, and tind that it pavs him much better to sell his milk 

 when it is scarce. So the kind of dairying to be adopted will have 

 to be considered in establishing a herd of milch cows. Xor is this 

 all, the character of the farm itself must be taken into account. If 

 the feed is poor, or the land very hilly, no one need expect success 

 from large framed cows, which have to keep walking about all day 

 long to try and rill themselves, never having a moment for rest. 

 The amount of nourishment required to keep up the wear and tear 

 upon the muscles is so much taken from the milk, represented either 

 by a smaller quantity, or less butter fat. Where a large framed beast 

 would be always poor, a smaller beast might thrive and do well. 

 On rich pastures, where there is plenty of feed, put on as large 

 cattle as you \vish, but never put them on the hills and poor country. 

 Where a co\v has to walk about all day she does not even get the 

 good of what she eats ; to get the full benefit she should have time 

 to he do\vn and chew her cud. When eating, cows to a great 

 extent simply bolt their food for the time being ; and as soon as the 

 cravings of hunger are over they lie down and masticate it all over 

 again thoroughly, when it then passes into the stomach and is 

 properly digested. If a cow has not time to thus fulfil the provision 



