CATTLE— CARE AND MANAGEMENT. 



i7S 



the middle finger. Boring the horn with 

 a gimlet or sawing off must not be em- 

 ployed as a remedy. "The treatment 

 should be absolute rest, a dose of 

 opening medicine, a semi-liquid, more 

 stimulating diet, the application of cold 

 water, or even hot fomentations, steadily 

 maintained, to the forehead, steaming the 

 nostrils by hot water vapor, and, in obstinate 

 cases, opening the cavity in the interval 

 between the eyes, and syringing it out 

 daily with a mild astringent lotion until a 

 healthy action has been established." 

 The operation of opening the forehead 

 should be performed by a veterinary 

 surgeon. 



CATTLE, Glands, Inflammation of.— 

 There are numerous glandular bodies dis- 

 tributed over the animal structure. Those 

 to which the reader's attention is called 

 are, first, the parotid, situated beneath the 

 enr; secondly, the sub-lingual, beneath 

 the tongue ; lastly, the sub-maxillary, sit- 

 uated just within the angle of the jaw. 

 They are organized similar to other 

 glands, as the kidneys, etc., possessing 

 arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc., which ter- 

 minate in a common duct. They have 

 also a ramification of nerves, and the 

 body of the gland has its own system of 

 arterial vessels and absorbents, which are 

 enclosed by a serous membrane. They 

 produce a copious discharge of fluid 

 ■called saliva. Its use is to lubricate the 

 mouth, thereby preventing friction; also 

 to lubricate the food and assist digestion. 



Inflammation of either of these glands 

 may be known by the heat, tenderness, 

 enlargement and difficulty of swallowing. 

 They are usually sympathetically affected, 

 as in hoose, catarrh, influenza, etc., and 

 generally resume their natural state when 

 th2se maladies disappear. 



Treatment. — In the inflammatory 

 stage warm teas of marshmallows, or slip- 

 pery elm, and poultices of the same, are 

 the best means yet known to reduce it ; 

 they relax constricted or obstructed or- 

 gans, and by being directly applied to the 

 parts affected, the more speedily and ef- 

 fectually is the object accomplished. Two 

 or three applications of some relaxing 

 poultice will be all that is needed, after 

 which apply : 



Olive Oil, or Goose Grease - - 1 gill. 



Spirits of Camphor I ounce. 



Oilof Cedar I " 



"Vinegar Vz g2t 



Mix. To be rubbed around the throat as occasion 

 may require. All hard or indigestible food will 

 be injurious. 



CATTLE. — Inflammation of the Blad- 

 der. — This disease does not often occur 

 in cattle, except from eating acrid and 

 poisonous herbs, or when cows are near 

 their time of calving. In the first case, 

 there are frequent and violent, but in- 

 effectual, efforts to stale. There is true 

 and proper inflammation of the neck of 

 the bladder. This may be occasioned by 

 cold, but is more frequently produced by 

 the animal having fed on healthy pas- 

 tures, and on the hot and stimulating 

 plants that abound there. The broom is 

 a frequent cause of this disease. 



It is of much consequence to be en- 

 abled to distinguish this from inflamma- 

 tion of the bladder itself. In the early 

 stage of inflammation of the neck of the 

 bladder no urine will be voided, while it 

 will be discharged much more frequently 

 than usual, and apparently in larger 

 quantities in true inflammation of the 

 bladder; and when at length, in inflam- 

 mation of the neck of the bladder, urine 

 is voided, it is after much straining, and 

 is evidently and forcibly squeezed out 

 from the over-distended but closed vessels. 

 The most certain way, however, of dis- 

 tinguishing the one from the other, is to 

 introduce the hand into the rectum ; the 

 distended bladder will then be plainly 

 felt below. It may sometimes be detected 

 by examination of the outside of the 

 belly. 



The course to be pursued is sufficiently 

 plain — the bladder must be emptied, or 

 more fluid will pour into it until it actually 

 bursts. For some time before the fatal 

 termination of the complaint in the rup- 

 ture of the bladder, not only the constant 

 straining, but the heaving of the flanks, 

 the quickness of the pulse, the loss of 

 appetite, the cessation of rumination, and 

 the shivering fits, will sufficiently indicate 

 the extent of the danger. The better 

 way of emptying the bladder is, if possi- 

 ble, to relax the spasm of its neck. It is 

 the spasmodic action of the sphincter 

 muscle of the neck of the bladder that is 

 the cause of the obstruction. A very 

 large bleeding will sometimes accomplish 

 this; but it must be a large one, and 

 continued until the animal is exhausted 

 almost to fainting. 



