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POULTRY— DISEASES AND REMEDIES. 



body, the blood will be found to flow 

 freely. If the bird recovers after the 

 operation, it should be kept quiet, and on 

 light and scanty food, and the affected 

 fowl should be confined in a rather dark 

 coop, and kept warm. 



POULTRY, The Pip.— This may be 

 regarded as a token of derangement of 

 the mucous membrane of the alimentary 

 canal generally, and not as a local dis- 

 ease. 



Cause. — This disease is generally at- 

 tributed to the want of water, or to bad 

 water, such as the drainings of dung-hills, 

 sinks, etc., which fowls will drink when 

 they can get no other. 



Symptoms. — The occurrence of a dry, 

 horny scale upon the tongue is generally 

 regarded as characteristic of this disease, 

 which, however, is by some confounded 

 with gapes. We are quite assured that 

 the dry, scaly tongue is only a symptom 

 caused by some other disease, which 

 forces the fowl (which habitually breathes 

 through the nostrils), to respire through 

 the mouth ; in this case the constant 

 current of air dries the tongue, which 

 becomes hard at the point, and assumes 

 a very horny character. Thus, in any 

 inflammatory affection of the wind-pipe, 

 in gapes, catarrh, or roup, when the 

 nostrils are closed by the discharge, the 

 pip, as it is termed, makes its appearance. 

 It should be regarded, however, as a 

 symptom only, and not as the disease 

 itself. The beak becomes yellow at the 

 base, the plumage, becomes ruffled, the 

 bird mopes and pines, the appetite gradu- 

 ally declines to extinction, and at last it 

 dies, completely worn out by fever and 

 starvation. 



Treatment. — The treatment varies 

 with the cause. In all cases the mouth 

 should be frequently moistened; and if 

 the scale of hardened membrane is 

 loose, it should be removed. The absurd 

 plan of nipping off the end ot the 

 tongue in chickens is still practiced in 

 some parts of the country ; it is almost 

 needless to say, that it is alike useless and 

 barbarous. 



A cure may be effected by a low diet; 

 that is, in the case of common fowls, by 

 an allowance of fresh vegetable food, as 

 onions or parsley chopped and mixed 

 with potatoes and a little Indian or oat- 

 meal, granting at the same time a plenti- 



ful supply of pure water. Give, also, a 

 teaspoonful of castor-oil or thereabouts, 

 according to the age or strength of the 

 fowl. Do not scrape the tongue, nor use 

 rough modes of cleaning it ; but apply a 

 little borax, dissolved in pure water, and 

 tincture of myrrh, by means of a camel- 

 hair brush, two or three times a day. *• 



The following has been recommended. 

 Give three times a day, for two or three 

 days, a piece of garlic, the size of a pea ; 

 if garlic cannot be obtained, cnion, 

 shallot, or chive will answer; and if 

 neither of these be convenient, two grains 

 of black pepper, to be given in fresh 

 butter, may be substituted. 



POULTRY, To Preserve in Winter. — 

 "About the 15th of November," said 

 the late Judge Buel, " I purchased a 

 quantity of poultry for winter use. The 

 insides were carefully drawn, their place 

 partially filled with charcoal, and the 

 poultry hung in an airy loft. It was used 

 through the winter, till about the first of 

 February, and although some were kept 

 seventy days, none of it was the least 

 affected with must or taint, the charcoal 

 having kept it sweet." 



POULTRY, Vertigo. — Symptoms.— 

 Fowls affected with this disease may be 

 observed to run round in a circle, or to 

 flutter about with but partial control over 

 their muscular actions. 



Cause. — The affection is one evidently 

 caused by an undue determination of 

 blood to the head, and is dependent on a 

 full-blooded state of the system. 



Treatment. — We have always found 

 that holding the head under a stream of 

 cold water for a short time immediately 

 arrested the disease ; and a dose of any 

 aperient, such as calomel, jalap, or castor- 

 oil, removes the tendency to tne com- 

 plaint. 



POULTRY, Giddiness.— See Voultry, 

 Epilepsy. 



POULTRY, Paralysis. — Symptoms. — 

 An inability to move some of the limbs. 

 In fowls the legs are usually affected, and 

 are totally destitute of the power of 

 motion. 



Causes. — Paralysis usually depends on 

 some affection of the spinal cord, and is 

 another result of overstimulating diet. 



Treatment. — Nothing can be done 

 by way of cure ; the case may be re- 

 garded as hopeless, or nearly so. 



