ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 



atropia (two grains to one-half ounce of 

 water) introduced into the eye, if the per- 

 son is alive, will cause the pupils to di- 

 late — if dead, no effect will be produced. 

 7. If the pupil is already dilated, and the 

 person is alive, a few drops of tincture of 

 the calabar bean will cause it 'to contract 

 — if dead, no effect will be produced. 



DISLOCATIONS.— These injuries can 

 mostly be easily recognized: 1. By the 

 deformity that the dislocation gives rise 

 to by comparing the alteration in shape 

 with the other side of the body. 2. Loss 

 of some of the regular movements of the 

 joints. 3. In case of dislocation, surgical 

 aid should be procured at once. While 

 waiting the arrival of a physician the in- 

 jured portion should be placed in the po- 

 sition most comfortable to the patient, 

 and frequent cold bathing, or cloths 

 wrung out of cold water, applied to the 

 parts affected, so as to relieve suffering 

 and prevent inflammation. 



DROWNED, to Restore Persons, Ap- 

 parently. — In the treatment of cases of 

 apparent death, either from drowning or 

 suffocation, no time is to be lost. Every 

 moment is precious, and what is done 

 must be done prompdy and energetically. 



Send for blankets and dry clothing, 

 and instantly and on the spot proceed to 

 treat the patient, keeping off the crowd 

 which frequently surrounds in such cases, 

 and give the patient all the fresh air pos- 

 sible, exposing the face, neck and chest 

 to the wind, except in severe weather, re- 

 moving all clothing from the neck and 

 chest, and also the suspenders, if a man. 

 Remember the points to be aimed at are, 

 first and immediately, the restoration of 

 breathing, and secondly, when breathing 

 is restored, the promotion of warmth and 

 circulation. If you promote warmth and 

 ■circulation beyond drying the skin and 

 removing the wet clothing before you re- 

 store the natural breathing, restoration of 

 life will be engendered. 



To restore breathing, cleanse the mouth 

 and nostrils, place the patient gently on 

 the ground or floor with the face down- 

 ward for a moment, putting one of the 

 arms under his forehead, by which posi- 

 tion all fluids will more readily escape 

 from the mouth, and the tongue will fall 

 forward, leaving the entrance into the 

 wind-pipe free; draw forth the patient's 

 tongue and keep it forward by passing an 



elastic band over the tongue and under 

 the chin, or a piece of string or tape may 

 be used for the same purpose ; assist this 

 operation by wiping and cleansing the 

 mouth. If satisfactory breathing should 

 now commence, use the treatment de- 

 scribed below to promote warmth and 

 circulation ; but if there should be only 

 slight breathing, or no breathing, or if 

 the breathing fail, then excite breathing 

 by turning the patient on one side, sup- 

 porting the head and exciting the nostrils 

 with snuff or hartshorn, if at hand, or 

 tickling the throat with a feather, etc. 

 Rub the face and chest warm, and dash 

 cold water, or better still, alternately 

 warm and cold water, on the face and 

 chest. If still no success follows, lose 

 not a moment, but instantly proceed to 

 imitate breathing. Replace the patient 

 on the face, raising and supporting the 

 chest well on a folded coat or other firm 

 pillow, letting one person attend solely 

 to the movements of the head, keeping 

 a hand under it; then turn the body 

 gently on the side and a little beyond, 

 and then on the face again, repeating 

 these movements cautiously, efficiently 

 and perseveringly, every four or five sec- 

 onds, occasionally varying the side. By 

 placing the body on the face, the weight 

 of it forces the air out, and when turned 

 on the side and the pressure removed, the 

 air is enabled to enter the chest. On 

 each occasion that the body is replaced 

 on the face, make uniform but efficient 

 pressure on the back, between and below . 

 the shoulder blades, but taking away the 

 pressure immediately the body is turned 

 on the side again. The result of this 

 treatment will be, if not too late, to pro- 

 duce natural breathing, and consequently 

 life. Whilst the above operations are be- 

 ing carried on, let the patient's hands and 

 feet be dried, and as soon as blankets or 

 dry clothing can be procured, strip the 

 body and cover with the blankets and 

 continue the operation as described, which 

 must continue steadily and uninterrupt- 

 edly. 



If, however, these efforts should not 

 prove successful in from three to four 

 minutes, proceed to produce breathing in 

 the method recommended by Dr. Sylves- 

 ter, as follows : Place the patient on the 

 back on a flat surface, inclined a little 

 upward from the feet, supporting the head 



