ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 355 



"be closely watched during the last days 

 of May and the first days ot June, for, 

 without close scrutiny, they will not be 

 observed, appearing simply like very min- 

 ute, white, moving specks. While the 

 young larva? are thus crawling over the 

 tree, they are so tender that they can 

 be readily destroyed by simply scrubbing 

 the limbs with a stiff brush. It is quite 

 ■evident, however, that any remedy, to 

 become practicable on a large scale, so 

 as to rapidly and effectually reach every 

 limb of the tree, both large and small, 

 must be applied by a syringe or by means 

 of fumigation, and that whatever be ap- 

 plied, it must kill the lice without in- 

 juring the foliage or fruit, as the young 

 apples are generally as large as a good 

 sized pea by the time the lice hatch. Fu- 



migation has not yet been sufficiently 

 tried to enable us to judge of its merits. 



In short, we have abundant proof that 

 neither tobacco-water nor strong alkaline 

 washes have any effect on these young 

 lice, though a strong solution of soap 

 will kill them, and our experience the past 

 season, with cresylic acid soap in other 

 directions, leads us to strongly recom- 

 mend it for this purpose. It will some- 

 times be necessary to repeat the wash, as 

 the lice do not all hatch out the same 

 day, though the period of hatching sel- 

 dom extends over three days. 



APPLE TREE BORER, Round Headed. 

 — It is a fact which has not been dis- 

 puted by any one whom we have queried 

 on the subject, that apples trees on our 

 , ridges are shorter lived than those grown 



Fig. 



on our lower lands. Hitherto no partic- ] 

 ular reason has been given for this oc- 

 -currence, but we think it is mainly attrib- 

 utable to the workings of the borer now 

 under consideration. We have invariably 

 found it more plentiful in tree growing on 

 high land than in those growing on low 

 land, and it has also been our experience 

 that it is worse in plowed orchards than 

 in those which are seeded down to grass. 



It also attacks the quince, mountain 

 ash, hawthorn, pear and the June-berry. 



At figure 2 this borer is represented in 

 its three stages of larva (a), pupa (£), and 

 perfect beetle (<r). The beetle may be 

 known by the popular name of the Two- 

 ■striped Saperda, while its larva is best 

 known by the name of the Round-headed 

 apple-tree borer, in contradistinction to 

 the Flat-headed species. 



The average length of the larva, when 

 full grown, is about one inch, and the 

 width of the first segment is not quite 

 one-fourth of an inch. Its color is light 

 yellow, with a tawny yellow spot of a more 



horny consistency on the first segment 

 which, under a lens, is found to be formed 

 of a mass of light brown spots. The 

 head is chestnut brown, polished and 

 horny, and the jaws are deep black. The 

 pupa is of rather lighter color than the 

 larva, and has transverse rows of minute 

 teeth on the back, and a few at the ex- 

 tremity of the body ; and the perfect bee- 

 tle has two longitudinal white stripes be- 

 tween three of a light cinnamon-brown 

 color. The Two-striped Saperda makes 

 its appearance in the beetle state during 

 the months of May and June, and is sel- 

 dom seen by any but the entomologist 

 who makes a point of hunting for it — 

 from the fact that it remains quietly hid- 

 den by day and flies and moves only by 

 night. The female deposits her eggs 

 during the month of June, mostly at the 

 foot of the tree, and the young worms 

 hatch and commence boring into the 

 bark within a fortnight afterwards. These 

 young worms differ in no essential from 

 the full-grown specimens, except in their 



