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BUGS, INSECTS, ETC.— REMEDIES FOR. 



segment become more brown, being usu- 

 ally marked as at Figure 3. It is sparse- 

 ly covered with very minute hairs, which 

 take their rise from minute elevated 

 points, of which there are eight on each 

 segment. 



The Codling moth is even more injuri- 

 ous than the Curculio. 



In latitude thirty-eight degrees the 

 moths make their appearance about the 

 first of May, and the first worms begin to 

 leave the apples from the 5th to the 10th 

 of June and become moths again by the 

 fore part of July. While some of the 

 first worms are leaving the apples, others 

 are but just hatched from later deposited 

 eggs, and thus the two broods run into 

 each other; but the second brood of 

 worms (the progeny of the moths which 

 hatch out after the 1st of July), invarially 

 passes the winter in the worm or larval 

 state, either within the apple after it is 

 plucked, or within the cocoon. We have 

 had them spin up as early as the latter 

 part of August, and at different dates 

 subsequently till the middle of Novem- 

 ber, and in every instance, whether they 

 spun up early or late in the year, they 

 remained in the larval state till the mid- 

 dle of April, when they all changed to 

 chrysalids within a few days of each 

 other. 



Though the Codling moth prefers the 

 apple to the pear, it nevertheless breeds 

 freely in the latter fruit, for we have our- 

 selves raised the moth from pear-boring 

 larvse, and the fact was recorded many 

 years ago by the German entomologist, 

 Kollar. It also inhabits the fruit of the 

 crab-apple and quince. 



Remedies. — Though with some varie- 

 ties of the apple, the fruit remains on 

 the tree till after the worm has left it, 

 yet by far the greater portion of the in- 

 fested fruit falls, prematurely with the 

 worm, to the ground j hence much can 

 be done toward diminishing the num- 

 bers of this little pest by picking up and 

 destroying the fallen fruit as soon as it 

 touches the ground. For this purpose, 

 hogs will again be found quite valuable, 

 when circumstances allow of their being 

 turned into the orchard. Abundant tes- 

 timony might be given to prove this. 



There is, however, a more infallible 

 remedy, and one which is always practi- 

 cable. It is that of entrapping the 



worms. This can be done by hanging 

 an old cloth in the crotches of the tree, 

 or by what is known as Dr. Trimble's, 

 hay-band system, which consists of twist- 

 ing a hay-band twice or thrice around 

 the trunk of the tree. 



Many of the worms of the second 

 brood yet remain in the apples even after 

 they are gathered for the market. These 

 wormy apples are barreled up with the 

 sound ones, and stored away in the cellar 

 or in the barn. From them the worms 

 continue to issue, and they generally find 

 plenty of convenient corners about the 

 barrels in which to form their cocoons. 

 Hundreds of these cocoons may some- 

 times be found around a single barrel, 

 and it therefore becomes obvious that, 

 no matter how thoroughly the hay-band 

 system had been carried out during the 

 summer, there would yet remain a suffi- 

 ciency in such situations to abundantly 

 continue the species another year. And 

 when we consider that every female moth 

 which escapes in the spring, lays from 

 two to three hundred eggs, and thus 

 spoils so many apples, the practical im- 

 portance of thoroughly examining, in the 

 spring of the year, all barrels or other 

 vessels in which apples have been stored 

 becomes at once apparent. It should, 

 therefore, also be made a rule to destroy 

 all the cocoons which are found on such 

 barrels or vessels either by burning them 

 up or by immersing them in scalding 

 hot water. 



The philosophy of the hay-band sys- 

 tem is simply that the worms, in quit- 

 ting the fruit, whether while it is on 

 the tree or on the ground, in their search 

 for a cozy nook, in which to spin up, 

 find the shelter given by the hay-band 

 just the thing, and in ninety-nine cases 

 out of a hundred, they will accept of the 

 lure, if no other more enticing be in 

 their way. We have thoroughly tested 

 this remedy the past summer, and have 

 found it far more effectual than we had 

 anticipated, wherever the above rules- 

 were recognized. Under two hay-bands 

 which were kept around a single old iso- 

 lated tree, through the months of June, 

 July and August, we found every week 

 of the last two months an average of fifty 

 cocoons. 



CUT-WORMS.— There are several dif- 

 ferent kinds of insects that are known by 



