ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 383 



Choice lots of seed, if found to be in- 

 fested when received from the seedsman, 

 may be thrown into hot water for a min- 

 ute or two, and the sprouting of the 

 peas will be quickened, and most of the 

 weevils, but not all, be killed. But what- 

 ever plan be adopted to obtain sound 

 seed, it should be every man's aim, in 

 duty to himself and to his neighbors, to 

 plant none but bugless peas. 



GRAPE LEAF-FOLDER.— The subject 

 of this sketch has long been known to 

 depredate on the leaves of the grape-vine 

 in many widely separated parts of North 



America. It is not uncommon in Canada 

 West, and is found in the extreme south- 

 ern parts of Georgia. It appears to be 

 far more injurious, however, in the inter- 

 mediate country, or between latitude 

 thirty-five and forty degrees, than in any 

 other sections, and in Southern Illinois 

 and Central Missouri proves more or less 

 injurious every year. 



The moth of the Grape Leaf-folder is 

 a very pretty little thing, expanding on 

 an average almost an inch, with a length 

 of body of about one-third of an inch. 

 It is conspicuously marked, and the sexes 



Fig. 25. 



•differ sufficiently to have given rise to two 

 names, the female having been named 

 Botys bicolor. The color is black with an 

 •opalescent reflection, and the under sur- 

 face differs only from the upper in being 

 less bright; all the wings are bordered 

 with white. The front wings of both 

 sexes are each furnished with two white 

 spots; but while in the male (Fig. 25, 4), 

 there is but one large spot on the hind 

 -wings, in the female (Fig. 25,5) this spot 

 is invariably more or less constricted in 

 the middle, especially above, and is often 

 •entirely divided into two distinct spots. 

 The body of the male has but one dis- 

 tinct transverse band, and a longitudinal 

 white dash at its extremity superiorly, 

 while that of the female has two white 

 bands. The antennae, as already stated, 

 are still more characteristic, those of the 

 male being elbowed and thickened near 

 the middle, while those of the female are 

 •simple and thread-like. 



There are two broods — and probably 

 three — during the year; the first moths 

 appearing in June, the second in August, 

 and the worms produced from these last 

 hibernating in the chrysalis state. The 

 eggs are scattered in small patches over 

 the vines, and the worms are found of all 

 sizes at the same time. These last change 



to chrysalids in twenty-four to thirty days 

 from hatching, and give one-fourth the 

 moths in about a week afterwards. 



The worm (Fig. 25, 1) folds rather 

 than rolls the leaf, by fastening two por- 

 tions together by its silken threads ; and 

 for this reason, in contradistinction to 

 the many leaf-rollers, may be popularly 

 known as the " Grape Leaf-folder." It 

 is of a glass-green color, and very active, 

 wriggling, jumping and jerking either 

 way at every touch. The head and tho- 

 racic segments are marked as at Figure 

 25, 2. If let alone, these worms will 

 soon defoliate a vine, and the best meth- 

 od of destroying them is by crushing sud- 

 denly within the fold of the leaf, with 

 both hands. To prevent their appear- 

 ance, however, requires far less trouble. 

 The chrysalis is formed within the fold 

 of the leaf, and by going over the vine- 

 yard in October, or any time before the 

 leaves fall, and carefully plucking and 

 destroying all those that are folded and 

 crumpled, the supply for the following 

 year will be cut off. This should be done 

 collectively to be positively effectual, for 

 the utmost vigilance will avail but little if 

 one is surrounded with slovenly neigh- 

 bors. 



COMMON YELLOW BEAR.— This is 



