406 



BUGS, INSECTS, ETC.— REMEDIES FOR. 



longer period than two days in summer, 

 or during growth ; and though these brief 

 inundations at that season affect only a 

 few lice near the surface, and are by no 

 means essential, they are nevertheless im- 

 portant auxiliaries to the more thorough 

 fall or winter submersion, as they destroy 

 the few lice which are always invading a 

 vineyard in infested districts. These 

 summer inundations will be necessary 

 only after the winged insects begin to ap- 

 pear ; and three or four, each lasting less 

 than two days, made between the middle 

 of July and the fall of the leaf, will ef- 

 fect the end desired. 4. An embankment 

 should be made around the vineyard in 

 order that the water may evaporate and 

 permeate the earth, but not run off and 

 carry away any nutritive properties ot the 

 soil. 



On our best hilly vine land, thorough 

 submersion is impracticable; but on our 

 bottom lands some of the grapes which 

 fail now may be made to succeed by its 

 means. 



Carbolic acid, added to water at the 

 rate of about one per cent., applied by 

 pouring into deep holes made by a crow- 

 bar or auger, has given satisfactory re- 

 sults ; and a thorough application of soot 

 has also been strongly advocated by 

 those who have tried it. In the experi- 

 ments that we have been. able to make in 

 a small way, a thorough mixing with the 

 soil of a cheap carbolic powder, has given 

 good results. 



The advantages of grafting are too 

 well recognized to need enforcing. By 

 its means, healthy, vigorous vines, which 

 do not fruit well, may soon be made 

 abundant bearers ; new varieties and seed- 

 lings be quickly tested, and a less desira- 

 ble variety replaced by one more desira- 

 ble. Our knowledge of the Grape Phyl- 

 loxera has of late pointed out other co- 

 gent advantages that may be derived from 

 grafting. 



BLACKBERRY BUSH BORER. — The 

 Blackberry bush borer, is occasionally 

 found eating out the pith of the young 

 canes of the Raspberry and Blackberry, 

 but it is not common. The beetle, which 

 is the parent of the borer, is about a half 

 inch long, black, rusty yellow on the 

 breast, and on top of the thorax. It lays 

 it eggs early in August on the stems of 

 the Blackberry and Raspberry, generally 



at the base of a leaf. The grub pene- 

 trates the stem, eating out the pith,, 

 causing the young canes to wither. A 

 {cw of our Blackberry bushes were 

 attacked by this insect the past season. 



Remedy. — The infested canes should 

 be pruned offin the Fall and buried. In 

 Europe there is a beetle which deposits 

 its eggs in the flower of the Raspberry, 

 which produce small white maggots by 

 the time the fruit is ripe. A similar 

 worm is quite common upon our Wild 

 Red Raspberry, but whether it is the 

 same as the European species, or one of 

 the Ortalidians (some of which are 

 known to deposit the eggs in the Rasp- 

 berry), we are unable to say, as they are 

 seldom seen upon the cultivated varieties. 



GOOSEBERRY MIDGE.— The berries 

 turning red prematurely and becoming 

 putrid, having in them small, bright 

 yellow maggots, of an oblong-oval form, 

 and slightly divided into segments by fine 

 impressed transverse lines; changing to 

 pupae in the berries, and in the latter part 

 of July giving out a small, two-winged fly, 

 resembling a musquito,. of beeswax yellow 

 color. 



Remedy. — The berries should be gath- 

 ered so soon as they show signs of prema- 

 ture ripening, and fed to hogs, or 

 otherwise destroyed. 



QUINCE BORER — "Should the borer 

 by any means steal in, ferret them out 

 carefully with a piece of wire. Should 

 they, however, get the advantage of you,, 

 and your trees become honey-combed, 

 set out again young trees, so that by the 

 time the old ones are gone the young 

 ones will be finely in bearing. We have 

 raised these quinces in perfection, but not 

 caring for the fruit, they were removed 

 when they were about to die from the 

 operations of the worm." 



THE JUMPING SUMACH BEETLE. 

 — As soon as vegetation starts in the 

 Spring, the beetles, (Fig. 4&jf), whichi 

 had passed the winter, as such, in shel- 

 tered situations, may be seen upon their 

 foot-plants, sometimes in great numbers,, 

 and generally coupled. Though not as; 

 shy and active as many of the smaller 

 flea-beetles, they yet jump with alacrity 

 by means of their thickened hind thighs 

 — a fact which has been doubted by some 

 entomologists, but certainly by none who 

 have known the insect in life. The wing- 



