4^2 



MECHANICAL 



required to ascertain the value of each 

 kind of work, within the limits of this 

 volume. They must be learned by ob- 

 servation and experience. All that we 

 have to do is with the principles on 

 which measuring and estimating is con- 

 ducted. 



Before laying the floors, or lathing the 

 work to receive the plastering, the timbers 

 should be measured, so that the scantlings 

 may be examined and proved correct 

 according to the specification; and in 

 this, as a general rule, it is to be remem- 

 bered that all pieces having tenons are 

 measured to their extremities, and that 

 the ends of joists, girders, etc., lie in the 

 walls at least yi of the wall's thickness. 

 In large measures, where the quantity of 

 materials and workmanship is uniform, 

 the articles are usually measured by the 

 square — that is, 10 feet by 10 feet = ioo 

 feet. 



Partitions are measured, if uniform in 

 materials, etc., by the square; but if 

 trussed, add a larger price than for the 

 common studs, on account of the trouble 

 of fitting the ends of the uprights to the 

 bracings and forming the abutments. 



Furring of walls, measured by the 

 square. 



In measuring bond timber and wall 

 plates, the laps must be added to the net 

 lengths. 



All the timbers in the principals of a 

 trussed roof to be reduced to board 

 measure, and classed according to the 

 difficulty of execution, or the waste that 

 occurs in performing the work. 



Common rafters, as respects labor, are 

 rated much the same as joists or stud- 

 ding. 



Purlins, which require trouble in fitting, 

 are worth more, because on them are 

 notched down the common rafters, the 

 joggles, including the tenons at the ends 

 oi struts ; morticing tie beams and prin- 

 cipal rafters, preparing king and queen- 

 posts, and the strapping and bolting are 

 all to be separately considered to arrive 

 accurately at the true value. 



Ribbed ceilings are taken by the 

 quantity of timber they contain, making 

 due allowance for the waste of stuff, which 

 is often considerable. 



Plain centering is measured by the 

 square; but the ribs and boarding, being 

 different qualities of work, should be 



taken separately. The dimensions are 

 obtained by girting round the arch and 

 multiplying by the length. Where groins. 

 occur, besides the measurement as above, 

 the angles must be measured by the foot 

 run — that is, the ribs and boards are 

 measured separately, according to the 

 exact superficial contents of each, and 

 the angles by the lineal foot for the labor 

 in fitting the ribs and boards, and waste 

 of wood. 



All circular timbers, of flat sweep, one 

 and a half times; quick sweep, twice; 

 elliptical, twice and a half; and circular, 

 four times the price of straight of the 

 same denomination. 



Bracketing, including plugging, meas- 

 ured by the foot superficial. 



For every angle bracket, add one foot 

 of the cornice. If circular on plan, one 

 and a half times the price of straight. 



MEASURING JOINERS' WORK.— 

 This branch of work is measured and 

 estimated by the foot superficial. 



Floors are measured by the square of 

 ioo feet. 



Boarders to hearths, mitred, at per foot 

 lineal. 



The value of every kind of framing 

 must depend on the thickness of the stuff,, 

 whether it is plain or molded, and upon 

 the number of panels in a given height 

 and breadth, and also on the form of the 

 plan. 



Wainscotting, window linings, as backs 

 and elbows; door linings, such as jambs 

 and soffits ; back linings, partitions, doors,, 

 shutters, and the like, are all measured 

 and valued by the foot superficial. 



Sashes, frames, blinds, doors, etc., are 

 made at the several planing mills, and 

 may be obtained of any size. 



Sashes, by the pair, according to thick- 

 ness and size of glass. 



Frames, whether solid or box frames,, 

 each. If with segment or circular heads, 

 so much additional. 



Blinds, with stationary slats, or rolling, 

 according to thickness, at per pair. 



Skylights, the prices whereof depend 

 on their plans and elevations, are meas- 

 ured by the foot superficial. 



Framed grounds, by the foot run. 



In the measurement of stair-cases, the 

 risers, treads, carriages, etc., are, after 

 being classed together, measured by the 

 foot superficial, and the string board is 



