ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 42J 



sometimes included. The value varies, 

 as the steps may be straight, or winders, 

 or circular. 



Stairs circular on the plan, measure 

 double; stairs oval, and for the quick 

 part, three times. Some kind of elliptical 

 work should be valued at six times ; and 

 dome or globe work at nine times that 

 of the straight. 



The balusters, housings to steps and 

 risers, common cut brackets, square and 

 circular on the plan, together with the 

 preparing and fixing, are all valued by 

 the piece; returned nosings are some- 

 times valued by the pieee, and if circular 

 on the plan, double the price of the 

 straight ones. 



Handrails, by the foot run, measured in 

 the centre on the top, and three inches 

 beyond the springing of the sweep. 



Mouldings are measured by the foot 

 run, their value depending on the number 

 of quirks. 



All horizontal moldings on a circular 

 plan are three or four times the value of 

 those on a straight plan, the trouble 

 being increased as the radius of the circle 

 upon which they are formed diminishes. 



Circular heads of shutters to store 

 fronts, to be measured square from the 

 springing three times that of the straight. 

 Among the articles which are to be 

 measured by the lineal foot, are beads, 

 fillets, bead or O. G. capping, astragals, 

 reeds, etc. 



Rule joints, cantilevers, trusses, and 

 cut brackets for shelves, are charged by 

 the piece. 



Shingles. — White pine sawed, shaved 

 and star shingles, average 16 inches long 

 and 4 inches wide. A square will require 

 1000 laid 4^ inches to the weather, 

 allowing for waste. 



Cedar shingles average 30 inches long 

 by 7 inches wide. 



A square will require 248 laid 8 in. to 

 the weather. 



A square will require 220 laid 9 in. to 

 the weather. 



Hardware, such as nails, screws, sash 

 pulleys, bolts, hinges, locks, etc., are 

 charged for with the work to which they 

 are attached, the joiner being allowed a 

 percentage on the prime cost. 



MEASURING COMPOSITION ROOF- 

 ING — Is measured by the square of 100 



feet— that is, 10 feet multiplied by 10- 

 feet. 



It is denominated 2 ply, 3 ply or 4 ply. 



The paper is generally 26 inches wide. 

 With a two inch lap and 2 ply, n inches 

 will be exposed to the weather ; for 3 ply 

 and 2 inch lap, 8 inches will be exposed ; 

 and for 4 ply, also 2 inch lap, 6 inches 

 will be exposed to the weather. 



The price, of course, regulated accord- 

 ingly. 



Plastic slate roofing is measured the 

 same way, and deductions made in either 

 case when the openings exceed one 



square. 



PAINTERS' WORK, Measur- 

 ing of, and Hints on. — There is no de- 

 partment in the art of building on 

 which greater attention ought to 

 be bestowed than house painting; 

 not only for the protection it gives 

 the material to which it is applied,, 

 but the superior elegance of which the 

 plainest finished house may be made sus- 

 ceptible by its judicious and tasteful 

 application. 



In painting new work, the knots must,, 

 first, be properly killed, as the painters- 

 term it. The best way of effecting this is- 

 by laying upon those knots which retain 

 any turpentine a considerable substance- 

 of lime immediately after it is slacked,. 

 This process dries and burns out the 

 turpentine which the knots contain ; or, 

 by coating them over with size composed 

 of pure shellac and alcohol. If any 

 doubts exist of their still remaining un- 

 killed and should appear after priming, 

 they should be covered with silver or gold 

 leaf. 



When the knotting is completed the 

 priming color is laid on. The priming 

 color is composed of white and a little 

 red lead, mixed thin with linseed oil. 

 One pound of it will cover from 18 to 20 

 yards. 



The second coat, if intended for white 

 finish, half oil and half turpentine; if 

 four coat work, the third coat should be 

 about Yi oil and ft turpentine; fourth 

 coat, all turpentine. 



Where the work is to be grained, the 

 coats, after priming, should be composed 

 of about half and half. Before laying on 

 the third coat the work should be rubbed 

 down with fine sand paper, and stopped 

 with oil putty where necessary. 



