ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 443 



enough for four grates. If it be found 

 too thick, as it gets towards the bottom of 

 the bottle, add a little more turpentine. 

 It is for the black stoves, which must be 

 washed clean of dirt and black lead, and, 

 when dry, apply the varnish with a 

 brush. 



VARNISH, for Shoes.— Put one-half 

 pound gum shellac, broken up in small 

 pieces, into a quart bottle or jug, cover it 

 with alcohol, cork it tight, and put it on 

 a shelf in a warm place; shake it well 

 several times a day, then add a piece of 

 camphor as large as an egg, shake it well, 

 and in a few hours shake it again, and 

 add one ounce of lamp-black. If the 

 alcohol is good it will be dissolved in two 

 days; then shake and use. If it gets 

 too thick, add alcohol, pour out two or 

 three teaspoonfuls in a saucer, and apply 

 it with a small paint brush. If the 

 materials are all good it will dry in about 

 five minutes, giving a gloss equal to 

 patent leather, and will be removed only 

 by wearing it off. The advantage of this 

 preparation over others is, it does not 

 strike into the leather and make it hard, 

 but remains on the surface, and yet ex- 

 cludes the water almost perfectly. The 

 same preparation is admirable for harness, 

 and does not soil when touched, as is 

 usually the case with lamp-black prepara- 

 tions. 



VARNISH, Purple Copal.— Prussian 

 blue or vermillion, or any other blue and 

 red, then proceed as before. 



VARNISH, Tar.— Tar, two gallons ; tal- 

 low, one pound. Melt, then add ground 

 ochre, seven pounds; spirits of turpen- 

 tine, six pounds. Mix well. By regulat- 

 ing the quantity of the ochre, a very 

 excellent chocolate paint for rough out- 

 door work will be produced. 



VARNISH, Turpentine. — Resin, one 

 part; boiled oil, one part. Melt, then 

 add turpentine, two parts. Mix well. 



VARNISH, Transfer. — Mastic in tears, 

 six and a half ounces ; resin, twelve and 

 a half ounces; pale Venice turpentine 

 (genuine) and sandarach, of each twenty- 

 five ounces ; alcohol, five pints ; dissolve 

 as before. Used for fixing engravings or 

 lithographs on wood, and for gilding, 

 silvering, etc. 



VARNISH, Violet Copal.— Vermillion, 

 blue, white, in proportion as required to 

 color the varnish. 



VARNISH, for Water Color Drawings. 

 Take Canada balsam, one part; oil of 

 turpentine, two parts; mix; size the 

 drawing before you apply the varnish. 



VARNISH, to Make White Copal.— 

 White oxide of lead, ceruse, Spanish 

 white, white clay. Such of these sub- 

 stances as are preferred ought to be care- 

 fully dried. Ceruse and clay obstinately 

 retain a great deal of humidity, which 

 would oppose their adhesion to drying oil 

 or varnish. The cement then crumbles 

 under the fingers, and does not assume a 

 body. 



Another. — On sixteen ounces of melted 

 copal, pour four, six or eight ounces of 

 linseed oil boiled, and quite free from 

 grease. When well mixed by repeated 

 stirrings, and after they are pretty cool, 

 pour in sixteen ounces of the essence ot 

 Venice turpentine. Pass the varnish 

 through a cloth. 



VARNISH, Yellow Copal. — Yellow 

 oxide of lead of Naples and Montpellier, 

 both reduced to impalpable powder. 

 These yellows are hurt by the contact of 

 iron and steel ; in mixing them up, there- 

 fore, a horn spatula with a glass mortar 

 and pestle must be employed. Gum 

 guttse, yellow ochre, or Dutch pink, 

 according to the nature and tone of the 

 color to be imitated. 



VARNISH, Transparent Green. — A 

 beautiful transparent green varnish is 

 made by taking a small quantity of 

 Chinese blue, with about twice the 

 amount of finely powdered chromate of 

 potash, and stirring these in copal varnish 

 thinned with turpentine. A thorough 

 grinding ot this mixture must be made 

 for the purpose of intimately incorporating 

 the ingredients, as otherwise it will not be 

 transparent. A preponderance of chro- 

 mate of potash gives a yellowish shade 

 to the green, and a deficiency increases 

 the amount of blue. This varnish, thus 

 colored, produces a very striking effect in 

 japanned goods, paper-hangings, etc,, 

 and can b e mad e very cheaply. 



KALSOMINE.— Ten pounds whiting, 

 dissolved in hot or boiling water, quarter 

 of a pound of glue, should be put to soak 

 over night in one pint of water ; it may 

 now be melted on a stove, stirring it fre- 

 quently; two ounces of ultramarine blue; 

 one ounce of Venetian red ; mix separately 

 with cold or soft water, and strain through. 



