ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 453 



house is also a great objection to this 

 arrangement. The best position for a 

 carriage-turn is beyond the house, so that 

 a vehicle, after approaching the main 

 entrance, can proceed onward, turn, and 

 •approach the house again in the opposite 

 direction. The turn in this case can be 

 partially screened from the house by 

 planting shrubbery; and arrangements 

 for tying horses can be made in unobjec- 

 tionable positions where they will not 

 present annoying features as seen from 

 the house. This allows the grass or lawn 

 to be carried closer to the building, the 

 roadway only intervening, and the side 

 grouping of plants can be executed much 

 more effectively. The curve of the road, 

 entering into the grounds on one side, 

 will be balanced by a similar curve on 

 the other side, toward, the turn. In this 

 proximity to a building, the walks, as 

 well as artificial plantings, should be 

 symmetrical in their tendencies, and in 

 keeping with the formal style of treat- 

 ment which such a position demands. 

 The central view from the building will 

 ■be open, and impart an expression of 

 freedom and apparent extent of lawn, 

 "which is always pleasing, particularly in 

 limited areas. 



ROADS and AVENUES, Planting.— 

 In the planting of straight roads and 

 avenues it is essential to preserve regu- 

 larity of line, as also uniformity in the 

 color and shape of the trees. The nearest 

 approach to the sublime in landscape 

 gardening is in effects produced by ex- 

 tended uniform lines of trees. Continuity 

 of line and uniformity of object, when 

 -combined with great extension, produce 

 sublimity. Objects are sublime which 

 .possess quantity and simplicity in con- 

 junction. It is not on a small rivulet, 

 however transparent or beautifully wind- 

 ing it may be ; it is not on a narrow 

 valley, though variegated with flowers of 

 a thousand hues ; it is not on small eleva- 

 tions, though they are clothed with the 

 most delightful verdure, that we bestow 

 the epithet sublime; but it is upon 

 Niagara, the Mississippi, the Andes, the 

 ocean, the wide expause of the firma- 

 ment, or die immensity of space uniformly 

 extended, without limit and without, 

 termination. To produce this effect it is, j 

 therefore, imperative that only one variety 

 of tree should be used. Anything that 



tends to break up the uniform continuity 

 will at once destroy it. A straight 

 avenue, planted with a variety of trees of 

 varied forms, some broad and spreading, 

 others tall, pointed, and spiry, is as much 

 at variance with good taste as would be a 

 Grecian facade, furnished with columns 

 embracing all the different orders of 

 architecture. Among the best trees for 

 planting wide avenues are the tulip tree, 

 the sugar and the silver maple, lindens, 

 sycamores, walnuts, oaks, and chestnuts. 

 For narrower roads, those from sixteen to 

 twenty feet in width, the Norway maple, 

 the black and the white ash, the horse 

 chestnut, and those of kindred habit, will 

 be more suitable. 



On wide and long avenues, in positions 

 where a side view of the lines is promi- 

 nent, the wall-like effect may be very 

 much softened and toned down, by set- 

 ting a double or even a triple row of 

 trees, and this will be still further in- 

 creased by planting each opposite row, 

 respectively, with a distinct kind. An 

 avenue of tulip trees will, in this arrange- 

 ment, be well supported by an outside 

 line of red maples ; their forms will blend 

 pleasingly, and the contrast of their spring 

 verdure, and autumn colorings will be 

 agreeable. In a similar disposition the 

 sugar maple, sweet gum, and ash-leaved 

 maple may be used. Such combinations 

 may be indefinitely varied and adapted 

 to the embellishment of avenues, as their 

 extent and importance may demand or 

 require. 



In planting curving roads, the disposi- 

 tion of the trees will obviously be deter- 

 mined by the general character of the 

 grounds through which the road passes. 



In places of six to ten acres in extent, 

 and in form nearly of a square or paral- 

 lelogram, with the mansion placed one 

 hundred yards back of the front line, the 

 entrance gate may be judiciously set near 

 one of the corners, and the road gradually 

 curve to the building. A single continu- 

 ous row of trees on one side of this road 

 would have a monotonous effect, and a 

 row on each side would destroy and 

 completely break up any attempt at 

 breadth of view. The road should rather 

 appear to curve round and pass through 

 masses of trees and shrubbery plantations. 

 While attention may be given to partially 

 shading the road, by planting suitable 



