ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 479 



"by breaking into grounds inclosed by- 

 legal fence. If any person whose fence 

 is not a lawful one, shall hurt, wound, 

 lame, or kill, by shooting, or hunting with 

 dogs, or otherwise, any cattle, etc., that 

 may have broken into his inclosure, he 

 shall pay the owner double damages. A 

 ranger is elected in each county to attend 

 specially to estrays, of which he is re- 

 quired to keep a record. When any per- 

 son finds horses, mules, jacks, cattle, sheep, 

 or hogs straying upon his land he may 

 take them up and forthwith send them to 

 the owner, if known; if unknown, he 

 must give notice to the ranger, or some 

 justice of the peace. The owner of all 

 estrays appraised at $10 and not exceed- 

 ing $20 is allowed six months, and if less 

 than $10, three months, from the date of 

 certificate of appraisement to claim and 

 prove his property. It is not lawful for 

 any drover or other person to drive any 

 horses, mules, cattle, hogs, or sheep of 

 another from the range to which they 

 belong; but it is made his duty if any 

 such stock join his, to halt immediately at 

 the nearest pen, or some other convenient 

 place, and separate such stock as does 

 not belong to him, or to the person by 

 whom he may be employed. For neglect 

 a forfeit of $20 for every offence is pro- 

 vided, and liability to all damages. Any 

 person may confine and geld any stallion 

 above the age of two years found running 

 at large, at the risk of the owner, but 

 this will not apply to stallions usually 

 kept up, but to those which accidentally 

 escape. Any animal addicted to fence 

 breaking may be taken up by owner of 

 land, who may recover 75 cents a day for 

 keeping, provided owner has been noti- 

 fied, if known; but condition of fence 

 may be shown in mitigation of damages. 

 Double damages may be recovered for 

 injury to animals where fence is not a 

 lawful one. Defacing or altering marks 

 of animals subjects to a penalty of im- 

 prisonment in the penitentiary for not 

 more than three years, or fine of not 

 more than $500, and imprisonment in 

 •county jail for not more than one year, 

 or both. 



Texas. — No neat cattle belonging to 

 non-residents are allowed to be taken into 

 Texas for grazing or herding purposes, 

 under pain of forfeiture to the county into 

 which they shall have been so taken. 



Severe penalties for altering the brands 

 are provided in this State. 



Arkansas. — In Arkansas, if any horse, 

 cattle, or other stock break into any in- 

 closure, the fence being of the required 

 height and sufficiency, the owner of the 

 animal shall, for the first offence, make 

 reparation for true damages ; for the sec- 

 ond offence, double damages ; and for the 

 third the party injured may kill the tres- 

 passing beasts, without being answerable. 

 If any stallion or jack over two years old 

 is found running at large, the owner may 

 be fined $2 for the first offence, and $10 

 for each subsequent offence, and is liable 

 for all damages that may be sustained. 

 Any person may take up such animal, 

 and, if not claimed within two days, may 

 castrate, and recover $3 for doing so; 

 but the life of the animal must not be en- 

 dangered. If any such animal cannot be 

 taken up, he may be killed, if notice be 

 first put up at the court-house, and at 

 three other of the most public places in 

 the county for ten days, accurately describ- 

 ing the animal. 



Tennessee. — In Tennessee stallions 

 and jackasses over fifteen days old are 

 not allowed to run at large under a pen- 

 nalty to the owner of not less than $5 or 

 more than $25. The animal may be 

 taken before the nearest justice of the 

 peace who shall give public notice. If 

 not claimed within three months the ani- 

 mal may be gelded at the risk and ex- 

 pense of the owner. The party taking 

 him up is entitled to $5 and reasonable 

 expenses for keeping. 



West Virginia. — There is no law in 

 force in West Virginia to prevent cattle 

 from running at large ; but if they break 

 into an inclosure and destroy any grain 

 or crops, the owner is liable, provided the 

 the fence is a lawful one. A law exists to 

 prevent diseased sheep from traveling on 

 the highway. 



Kentucky. — In Kentucky breechy and 

 mischievous bulls may be taken up and 

 altered ; a jack or stallion may be gelded 

 if found at large, allowing the owner, ii 

 known, at the rate of twenty-five miles a 

 day to reach the place where the animal 

 is held, and recover the animal; when 

 the owner is not known, the animal is 

 dealt with as an estray, and may be or- 

 dered by a justice to be gelded. If the 

 owner of any distempered cattle permits 



