ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE. 489 



quented by all the poultry that can be 

 maintained to advantage on the farm. 

 Our plan contemplates a warfare on all 

 the insects that are the destroyer of the 

 apple tree and its fruit. 



The tree must be well mulched every 

 fall with tree leaves and sand. If tree 

 leaves cannot be had then use straw. 

 The mulching can be forked into the 

 .ground in the spring. The sand will add 

 much to the fertility of the soil by keep- 

 ing the ground in a pliable condition and 

 admit the action of the atmosphere. 

 Lime is essential to the perfect growth 

 and development of the tree. The fruit 

 will be much improved by the presence 

 of lime. The amount of lime to be used 

 will only be limited in proportion to the 

 benefits derived. The last and not least 

 in the list of our instructions which we 

 insist must be followed to the letter, is 

 the planting of a border of trees on the 

 four sides of the orchard for a protection 

 against the winds in both winter and 

 summer. The first line of defense shall 

 be a red cedar hedge. Outside of the 

 hedge there must be a border of trees 

 four rods wide. The Norway Spruce 

 and White Pine can be grown success- 

 fully, and to great profit. The border of 

 trees will afford fine protection both sum- 

 mer and winter for numerous insectivor- 

 ous birds, who will aid in the destruction 

 of the insects referred to. The ground 

 must be prepared as for the apple orchard, 

 which will insure an immense growth. If 

 all our instructions are followed, we shall 

 have apples enough the fifth year to pay 

 expenses. From this time the increase 

 will be rapid. By the time our trees are 

 planted ten years, there will be twenty 

 bushels to the tree. Twelve years planted, 

 and we will have thirty-five bushels to 

 the tree. In addition to large crops the 

 quality of the apples will be superior to 

 any grown on the imperfect management 

 of orchards throughout the country. Our 

 plan of an orchard contemplates a con- 

 siderable outlay at the commencement. 

 A careful examinatiou will demonstrate 

 that no better investment can be made. 

 The plan above can be limited to any 

 number of acres. No weeds or grass 

 must be permitted to grow in the orchard 

 except red clover. 



APPLE TREES, Old, to Renovate.— 

 Take fresh made lime from the kiln, 



slake it well with water and well-dress the 

 tree with a brush, and the insects and 

 moss will be completely destroyed, the 

 outer rind fall off, and a new, smooth, 

 clear, healthy one formed, and the trees 

 assume a most healthy appearance and 

 produce the finest fruit. 



APPLE TEEES, Treatment of.— The 

 limbs of apple trees are recommended by 

 some to be brushed all over in the midst 

 of summer; but it is difficult to brush the 

 branches of trees when the fruit is upon 

 them. Instead of brushing the trees in 

 summer, as soon as the leaves have fallen 

 every tree should be carefully and freely 

 pruned ; this will open a passage to the 

 sun and air, and will contribute to health 

 in the future season. In addition to this, 

 says a correspondent of the Monthly 

 Magazine for 1820, I should recommend 

 brushing off the moss and cutting out the 

 cankered parts at any season that it is 

 convenient, and I further recommend the 

 tree to be anointed some feet from the 

 ground with a composition of sulphur and 

 goose oil, and, unless the orchard is 

 plowed, which is very much the case in 

 Shropshire and Herefordshire, the soil 

 should be opened at the roots. 



APPLE TEEES, Blight, to Preserve 

 from. — Washing the branches with quick- 

 lime will preserve the trees from blight 

 and insure a crop ; those which escaped 

 washing will suffer from the blight, whilst 

 the others produce a good crop. 



APPLE TREES, Disease, to Cure in.— 

 Brush off the white down, clear off the 

 red stain underneath it, and anoint the 

 places infected with a liquid mixture of 

 train oil and Scotch snuff. 



Another Method. — Orchards are oc- 

 casionally much injured by an insect 

 appearing like a white efflorescence ; 

 when bruised between the fingers it 

 emits a blood-red fluid. Mix a quantity 

 of cow-dung with human urine to the 

 consistence of paint, and let the infected 

 trees be anointed with it about the begin- 

 ning of March. 



APPLE TREES, Canker in, to Cure 

 the. — The only means of preventing the 

 canker worm, which destroys the young 

 fruit and endangers the life of the tree, 

 when discovered, and which in many 

 instances has proved to be effectual, was 

 encircling the tree, about knee high, with 



