5 6 4 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



for the second lot is necessary; and for 

 all the following lots, 'same proportion, 

 three-eighths of a pound of gum arabic, 

 is sufficient. 



For this process the cheap sulphuric 

 acid is entirely sufficient, and the dearer 

 mordants, such as oxalic acid and chlo- 

 ride of tin, become unnecessary. Boil- 

 ing for about one hour suffices to dye 

 a lot of goods. Begin with a cold 

 bath, and gradually heat it to the boiling 

 point. More sulphuric acid shades the 

 color off into a bluish tint. 



To avoid the crocking (rubbing off) 

 of the color, which circumstance is 

 sometimes causing complaints, give, after 

 dyeing, a lukewarm water-bath, in which, 

 for every ten pounds of goods, one-fourth 

 pound of cream tartar has been dissolved. 

 Turn them five or six times in such bath, 

 and dry them without further washing. 



On woolens which have to be scoured, 

 dye a deeper shade than wanted, because 

 the scouring takes off two shades of the 

 color. 



DYEING, on Cotton. — Recipes a and b, 

 for fuchsine, are also applicable to blues, 

 adding the dissolved blue gradually, so as 

 to obtain even shades. 



A little alum, or sulphuric acid, added 

 to the dye-bath, heightens the brilliancy 

 of the color. 



DYEING, on Silk.— Prepare the silk 

 with Marseilles (castile) soap; sour the 

 bath with sulphuric or tartaric acid. Dye 

 and stiffen with fuchsine. 



DYES (Aniline), Black, on Wool.— 

 For two pounds of wool a bath is pre- 

 pared of twenty quarts of water, three 

 ounces of permanganate of potassa, 

 four and a half ounces of sulphate of 

 magnesia. 



The use of sulphate of magnesia has 

 for its object to prevent the formation of 

 caustic alkali, and has already been pro- 

 posed by Tessie du Mothay. The wool 

 is impregnated with this solution, and 

 left it until the fluid has become color- 

 less or nearly so, whereby it is colored 

 dark-brown and covered with brown oxide 

 of manganese. 



This process takes place easily in the 

 cold, but it is best to dissolve the per- 

 manganate in hot water. The wool is 

 now pressed out, and without washing 

 conveyed into a bath of twelve ounces of 

 commercial aniline oil; twenty - one 



ounces of commercial hydrochlor. acid, 

 eight quarts of water, where it is moved 

 about in the cold : it attains here directly 

 a dark green-black-appearing color. It 

 is pressed out again, washed in water 

 containing a little soda, and treated 

 with a weak solution of red chromate 

 of potassa. 



This solution is prepared by dissolving 

 one-third of an ounce of bichromate of 

 potassa in ten quarts of water. The 

 color becomes now dark black, when 

 the wool is washed with water and 

 dyed. 



DYES, Aniline, Orange, or Corallin. — 

 Dissolve by boiling one pound carefully 

 in ten pounds best alcohol. 



DYEING, On Wool.— Wash the wool 

 well ; bring the bath to nearly the boil- 

 ing point ; add the dissolved dye grad- 

 ually, and it will readily go on the fibre. 



DYEING, On Silks.— Add to the wa- 

 ter bath (temperature ioo° Fahr.) a solu- 

 tion of Marseilles (castile) soap. Take 

 the silk through it, raising the tempera- 

 ture to 130 ; then add the dissolved 

 orange to this bath, heating it gradually. 

 When the silk has taken the color, add to 

 the bath a little sulphuric acid, which sets, 

 it on the fibre ; then handle the silk quick- 

 ly, heating the bath to 170 , but not 

 higher. Wash well after dyeing. 



DYEING, On Cotton. — Same as for 

 wool. 



DYE," Aniline Red, or Fuchsine. — «» 

 Aniline red (roseine), a bright red, used 

 extensively, and answering all common 

 purposes. 



b. Aniline red, diamond crystal, pre- 

 ferred for silk and fine woolens, giving a 

 still more brilliant shade than roseine. 



Dissolve the crystals in the proportion 

 of one ounce to twelve pounds of water, 

 in a stone jar, by pouring boiling water 

 into it gradually, stirring it well mean- 

 while, till all is dissolved. Then, after 

 the solution has become cool, filter it be- 

 fore use through paper, muslin, or flannel,, 

 to avoid specks on the fibre. The sedi- 

 ment on the filter can be boiled again, 

 and will gradually dissolve almost en- 

 tirely, 



You can also dissolve the red readily 

 in 95 alcohol. One ounce crystals to 

 one-fourth pound alcohol. 



DYEING, On Wool.— Prepare a bath 

 of a temperature of 150 to 160 ; put into 



