EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV 

 Capsules 



Fig. I. Capsule with calyptra and operculum in their natural place. 

 Fig. 2. Calyptra and operculum removed to show peristome. 



SHAPES AND POSITIONS OF CAPSULES 



{Drawn without the operculum) 

 ERECT CAPSULES 



CAPSULES NOT ERECT 



Cylindrical, horizontal. 



Cylindrical, much curved. 



Cylindrical, hanging down. 



Globular. 



Pear-shaped with neck distinct. 



Angular, horizontal. 



Ovate, or egg-shaped, pointed. 



SHAPES OF THE CALYPTRA 



Fig. 17. Hood-shaped (cucullate). 

 Fig. 18. Like a beaked cap (mitrate). 



SHAPES OF THE OPERCULUM 



Fig. 19. Convex. 

 Fig. 20. Cone-shaped (conic). 

 Fig. 21. Short-beaked. 

 Fig. 22. Long-beaked. 



