io8 HOW TO KNOW THE MOSSES 



Tortula muralis (L.) Hedw. is a rare species in the 

 eastern United States, growing on walls and 

 sunny rocks. The leaves of this species are four 

 or five times longer than the broadest part, 

 slightly crisped when dry; dull or brighter green; 

 hoary from white, hair-like tips. The seta is 

 orange when young, growing darker with age; 

 the fruit, sometimes abundant, is mature in 

 larged!" the Spring. Compare Encalypta (p. no). 



Range, throughout North America, a cosmopoHtan. 



Tortula papulosa Wils. is also a very rare species. // 

 grows on the hark of trees, less frequently on rocks. The 

 fruit has not been reported from America. The 

 leaves are dark or olive-green, short and broad, 

 Tortida ^nd fold against the stem when dry, much like 

 papulosa ^j^Qgg oi Orthotrichum (p. 117). Orthotrichum 

 occurs much more frequently, the stems are usually 

 longer, the leaves longer and more gradually pointed, 

 and the fruit can usually be found. 



Range, throughout the northern Atlantic States; South 

 America; Europe; Australia; New Zealand; Tasmania. 



18. ENCALYPTA Schreb. (En-ca-lyp-ta) 



A cosmopolitan genus containing many species, two 

 of which, rarely collected, are described below. Name 

 from the Greek, meaning " to cover with a veil," refer- 

 ring to the large calyptra. 



