262 APPENDIX 



Stems ascending to erect, usually much branched by fork- 

 ing; plants growing on rock; leaves dark or olive-green, 

 except in the young growth at the tip of the stem, 

 which is lighter .... 19. 



Stems erect, not branched, or with branches whorled at tip of 

 stem; plants growing on wet ground or on rocks; leaves 

 usually light or yellowish-green .... 34. 



Looked at from above, has the outline of a star with many 

 rays, or looked at from the side, resembles tiny spruce or 

 pine trees; stems erect, usually not branched; leaves 

 bright green or grayish-green to dark green; plants 

 growing on the ground, on earth-covered rocks, old 

 stumps and upturned roots .... 39, 41. 



Plants growing from protonema, a green or brownish coat- 

 ing on the surface of the soil .... 37, 40. 



Color of stem 



Stems of most mosses are either covered with leaves, and 



show only the color of the leaves, or are brown and 



inconspicuous. 



Stems showing red through the leaves, especially in the 



new growth when moist plants are held to the light 



27, 28. 



Stems at least in the lower part covered with tomentum, a 

 felt-like mass of brown or whitish radicles .... 



8, 3o> 31, 33, 34, 41. 



Shape of leaves 



Leaves too small or too closely folded to be seen easily. 

 Capsule almost concealed by surrounding leaves 



19. 



Capsule erect .... 2, 22, 38, 40. 

 Capsule not erect .... 25, 28, 34. 



