APPENDIX 265 



Shape of operculum 



The operculum of most mosses is convex, cone-shaped, or 

 short-beaked, and not especially conspicuous. 



Operculum conspicuously long-beaked .... i, 2, 6, 8, 39, 41. 

 Calyptra hairy and conspicuous .... 22, 23, 40, 41. 



The calyptra of most mosses is smooth and inconspicu- 

 ous, often falling off long before the capsule is mature. 



B (Pleurocarpous Mosses) 



Fruit on the side of the stem or on a very short lateral branch. 

 Stems prostrate or ascending, rarely erect, usually much 

 branched (with more than two or three branches). 



Manner of growth 



Pleurocarpous mosses usually grow in rather flat mats 

 with stems and branches prostrate or creeping and 

 often closely interwoven, so that no great length of stem 

 can be easily separated. 



Plants with stems usually ascending or erect and easily 

 separated 45, 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71. 



Plants tree-like (with erect stems and erect or spreading 

 branches only toward the tip of the stem) .... 45, 49. 



V\(mts fern-like (branches bipinnate, tripinnate,or closely 

 pinnate) 57, 68, 70. 



Plants plume-like (branches closely and regularly pin- 

 nate) .... 70. 



Plants with long stems floating in streams or pojids 



43, 62. 



Color of stem 



Stems of most mosses are either covered with leaves, and 

 show only the color of the leaves, or are brown and 

 inconspicuous. 



