TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAGE 



I. Pigeon-wheat Moss— Polytrichum. The Analysis. Cap- 

 sule. Operculum. Calyptra. Peristome. Spores. 

 Flowers. The Flowerless Plants, llow the Moss grows. 13 

 II. The Apple Moss— Bartramia. The double peristome. 



Fugacious calyptra. Cellular structure. The Musci. 17 



III. The Polypod Fern — Polypodium. The rhizome. Frond. 



Sporangia. Spores. Forked venation. How the Fern grows. 20 



IV. The Osmund Ferns — Osmunda. The vernation. The 



species. The Order Felices. Tree Ferns. THE 

 CRYPTOGAMIA. The uses of Ferns. The Climbing 



Fern. The Brake. Tlie pioneer vegetation 24 



V. The Dogtooth Violet — Erythronium. The two Regions. 

 The bulb. Leaf. Venation. The Calyx. Corolla. Sta- 

 mens. Pistils. The fruit. Seeds. Pollen. The province 



Endogens. the PHENOGAMIA 29 



VI. The Tulip — Tulipa. The tunicated bulb ; its contents. 



The flower. Varieties. The Tulip mania in Holland. ... 35 

 VII. The Spring Beaity— Claytonia. Tubers. A raceme. The 

 petals and their colored lines. Opposing stamens. The 

 seed and its albumen. iEstivation. Our two species. The 

 PORTULACACE.E. The Portulacas. The pro\ince Exogens. 39 

 VIII. The Early Crowfoot — Ranunculus. Fasciculate roots. 

 Perennial herbs. The nectary. Polyandrous and hy- 

 pogynous stamens. The simple fruit — distinct carpels. 46 

 IX. Bulbous Crowfoot— Ranunculus. An inaxial root. The 



corm. Reflexed sepals ; economy. Plan of the flower. . 50 

 X. The Liverleaf — Ilepatica. Crown-stem. Palmate vena- 

 tion. Involucre. Apetalous flowers. Anatropous seeds. 54 

 XI. Rue Anemone — Anemone. Tuberous root. Umbel. Com- 

 pound leaves. Distinctness of organs. Absence of honey. 58 

 XII. Wood Anemone — Anemone. Creeping root; rhizome. 



Solitary inflorescence. Species. Order Ranunculace.e. 60 



XIII. Bloodijoot — Sanguinaria. Rhizome. Juice. Caducous 



sepals. Parietal placentae. Dicotyledonous embryo 64 



XIV. The Poppy— Papaver. An annual herb. The species. 



Order Papaverace/k. The California Poppy. Celan- 

 dine, Use and culture of Opium 68 



XV. The Violets — Viola. A cucullate leaf. Resupinate, ir- 

 regular flowers. Adnate anthers. Cleistogene flowers. 

 Economy in pollen 71 



