ACQUIRED IMMUNITY 77 



was introduced into France, Germany, and the United 

 States. 



In the infectious disease of cattle known as pleuro- 

 pneumonia, protective inoculations were successfully 

 made some time before the demonstration by Pasteur 

 of the efficacy of such noculations in anthrax and 

 chicken cholera (1880). Various methods have been 

 employed. The natives of the banks of the Zam- 

 beze cause animals to swallow a certain quantity of 

 the liquid from the pleural cavity of an animal re- 

 cently dead, and thus give them immunity. The 

 virus has been injected into the circulation by some 

 experimenters, and others have proposed to attenuate 

 it by heat. But the method which has been most 

 extensively employed is that discovered by the Dutch 

 settlers at the Cape of Good Hope (the Boers), and 

 consists in inoculating animals in the tail with serum 

 from the lungs of an animal recently dead, or with a 

 virus obtained from the tumefaction produced by 

 such an inoculation in the tail. This is also the 

 method most extensively employed in Australia, into 

 which country infectious pleuro-pneumonia was intro- 

 duced in 1858. 



Toussaint, a pioneer in researches relating to pro- 

 tective inoculations, has a short paper in the Comp- 

 tes rendus of the French Academy of Sciences of 

 July 12, 1880, entitled "Immunity from Anthrax 



