1 1 2 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 



States, and in 1835 was reintrodueed from Cuba to 

 the city of New Orleans. In the meantime Mexico 

 had been invaded, and subsequently the disease ob- 

 tained a limited prevalence in Central America and 

 the Gulf coast of South America. Simultaneously 

 with this widespread epidemic in America the disease 

 spread in Europe to Sweden and Norway in the 

 north and to Italy, Spain, and Portugal in the south. 

 The disease died out during the winter of 1837-38, 

 and for the ten following years Europe, Africa, and 

 America remained free from this scourge of the 

 human race. In 1846 the disease, which had pre- 

 viously shown increased epidemic extension in India, 

 obtained ^wide prevalence in Persia, thence it ex- 

 tended to Arabia, and the following year reached 

 Constantinople. In 1848 it spread through Turkey, 

 Hungary, Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt. 



In the meantime it had been introduced into Russia 

 (in 1847), an d early in the summer of 1848 reached 

 Germany. In the autumn of this year it was intro- 

 duced into England and Scotland, and the following 

 year obtained wide prevalence in the British Isles. 

 Holland and Belgium were invaded at the same time, 

 and in 1849 France and Austria suffered severe epi- 

 demics. Northern Italy also suffered from the disease, 

 which indeed prevailed in all parts of Europe, with 

 the exception of Spain and Portugal, which countries 



