ASIA TIC CHOLERA 1 13 



remained exempt. In December, 1848, cholera was 

 brought from Europe, by emigrant ships, both to 

 New York and to New Orleans. From the last- 

 named city it spread northward to Memphis and 

 westward into the State of Texas, and during the 

 year 1849 nearly all of the States east of the Rocky 

 Mountains suffered to a greater or less extent, es- 

 pecially those located in the valleys of the Ohio and 

 Mississippi rivers. It continued to prevail during 

 the following year (1850), and in October was car- 

 ried to San Francisco by way of the Isthmus of Pan- 

 ama. During this epidemic the West Indies suffered 

 severely, especially the islands of Cuba and Jamaica. 

 It also prevailed in Mexico, and to some extent in 

 South America. The epidemic did not terminate in 

 the Western Hemisphere until the end of the year 

 1854, but in Europe it had practically ceased to pre- 

 vail, except in a few localities in northern Europe, 

 by the close of the year 1850. 



In the spring of 1852 another widespread epidemic 

 was inaugurated. The disease appeared almost at 

 the same time in Persia, Mesopotamia, and Poland, 

 apparently as a survival from the previous epidemic, 

 and extended to adjacent countries. In Russia it 

 continued to prevail to some extent during a period 

 of ten years, the years 1853, 1855, and 1859 being 

 notable as marking its widest extension and the 



