ii4 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 



greatest mortality. This was also the case in north- 

 ern Germany. In 1855, Austria and Italy suffered 

 severely. The disease was brought to England from 

 Germany in 1853 an< ^ extended to various parts 

 of the island during this and the following year. 

 France also suffered severely from the disease at this 

 time (1853-54), and also Spain and Portugal, where it 

 prevailed during the period from 1853 to J 86o. In 

 North America the disease was introduced into 

 Canada in 1853, and obtained wide extension through- 

 out the United States in 1854. The disease disap- 

 peared from the countries of North America the 

 following year, but in Central America and in South 

 America it prevailed to some extent for several years 

 subsequent to this date, although the year 1855 was 

 that of greatest extension and fatality. 



Another epidemic period is that embraced between 

 the years 1865 and 1875. As usual, the epidemic 

 extension of the disease in Europe was preceded by 

 a period of increased fatality in its native haunts, in 

 the lower basin of the Ganges, and also by its exten- 

 sion to other eastern countries China, Japan. I 

 shall not attempt to follow the progress of the dis- 

 ease through the countries of Europe, but, as show- 

 ing its fatal character, will give some mortality 

 statistics. The epidemic of 1867 in Italy was at- 

 tended by a mortality of 130,000. In Prussia, during 



