1 66 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 



and are often deposited in the lungs in considerable 

 quantities, constitute a predisposition to infection, as 

 is shown by the high death-rate among marble- and 

 stone-cutters. 



The number of deaths from consumption both in 

 this country and in England is greater among males 

 than among females. In the United States, the total 

 number of deaths from this disease, reported as occur- 

 ring in the registration area during the last census 

 year, was 53,962, of which 29,192 were males and 

 24,770 females. 



The Imperial Health Board of Berlin has issued 

 the following statistics regarding the mortality from 

 phthisis in Europe : Russia has more than 4000 

 deaths per 1,000,000; Austria-Hungary and France, 

 more than 3000 per 1,000,000; Sweden, Germany, 

 Switzerland, and Ireland, more than 2000 per 1,000,- 

 ooo ; Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, Norway, Scotland, 

 and England, more than 1000 deaths per 1,000,000. 



Certain races seem to be especially liable to infec- 

 tion by the tubercle bacillus. The census return (1900) 

 shows that among those whose mothers were born in 

 Ireland the rate was 339.6 per 100,000, in France 

 184.7, m Scotland 172.5, in the United States 112.8, 

 in Russiaand Poland 71.8. The comparative immun- 

 ity of Russian and Polish Jews from pulmonary con- 

 sumption had previously been established by the vital 



