SEASONAL CHANGES AND HISTORIES. 139 



reference has been made ; for winter overtakes it 

 in every stage and kills off all that cannot with- 

 stand the cold, the butterfly and perhaps an 

 occasional chrysalis alone surviving. 



For, besides those which pass the winter in only 

 one of the four stages of life, there are others, 

 and perhaps the Tortoise-shell is one of them, 

 which enjoy a great liberty in this respect ; but 



FIG. 128. Vanessa Atalanta, nat. size ; under surface on right (Harris). 



the Red Admiral [Fig. 128] is a better example. 

 This butterfly, common to Europe and America, 

 hibernates in both countries alike in the chrysalis 

 and imago state. In the spring, hibernating but- 

 terflies and those hatched from wintering pupae 

 mingle on the wing and deposit their eggs simul- 

 taneously. The wintering imago awakes late 

 from its long sleep, being seldom seen before the 

 beginning of the second week in May ; and since 



