SEASONAL CHANGES AND HISTORIES. 



143 



FlG 129 ._ Brent h i8 Bellona, Bat. 



upper 



size 



which became lethargic, awaken from their tor- 

 pidity after a time, resume eating, undergo their 

 transformations, and emerge as butterflies in July 

 and August ; the spring brood is therefore made 

 up from both broods 

 of the previous year, 

 or, in other words, 

 uncles and nephews, 

 aunts and nieces, 

 have virtually be- 



come brothers and 



sisters, and the but- 



terfly is at tlie same time single and double 



brooded. 



We have, however, in this country a still more 

 remarkable case in a near relative of the butterfly 

 just discussed, the Meadow Fritillary (Brenthis 

 Bellona) [Figs. 129-132]. This 

 butterfly appears on the wing in 

 May, July, and September, and 

 yet it is only single-brooded, at 

 least if we have correctly inter- 

 preted all the facts. In this 

 species there seem to be two sets 

 of individuals, each following 

 its own cycle of changes, apparently with almost 

 as little to do with the other set as if it were a 

 distinct species ; each set has its own distinct 

 seasons, and this gives rise to the apparition of 





