SEASONAL CHANGES AND HISTORIES. 151 



them. The cosmopolitan Painted Lady [Fig. 134], 

 for instance, is double-brooded in New England, 

 both in the districts where the contrasts of heat 

 and cold, moisture and drought, are excessive 

 that is, where the climate has those peculiarities 

 which are termed " continental ;" and also on 

 islands such as Nantucket in southern New Eng- 

 land, where a much greater evenness prevails and 

 the climate partakes of an " insular" character ; 

 yet in the valleys of Switzerland, where perhaps 



FIG. 134. Vanessa cardui, nat. size ; under surface on right (Harris). 



of all places in Europe the climate presents the 

 greatest and most sudden inequalities, and there- 

 fore is most similar to that of New England, and 

 certainly is more continental than that of Nan- 

 tucket, this butterfly is single-brooded. We have 

 exceedingly few identical butterflies in Europe 

 and the United States, and this apparently is the 

 only one of them that differs in its broods in the 

 two countries ; but there are several of onr but- 

 terflies which are represented by very closely 



