166 THE COLORING OF BUTTERFLIES, 



In the American Copper [see Fig. 105], spring 

 individuals are of a more fiery red, and the orange 

 band of the nnder surface of the hind wings is 

 broader ; while in later broods the markings are 

 less vivid and less distinctly marked, and there 

 is a longer tooth on the margin of the hind wings. 



In our Pearl Crescent (Phyciodes Tharos) 

 [Figs. 140, 141], according to the recent discoveries 

 of Mr. Edwards, the spring type (which he former- 

 ly considered a species distinct from the summer 



FIG. 140. Phyciodes Tharog, sum- FIG. 141. Phyciode 

 mer brood, nat. size ; under surface on brood, nat. size; under surface on 

 right (Harris). right (Harris). 



type, but which he has recently bred from the 

 latter) is characterized by the purple or pearly 

 hue of the under surface of the hind wings, and 

 by heavier markings on the same wings ; espe- 

 cially by the presence of great patches of ferrugi- 

 nous or dusky color at the outer margin ; mark- 

 ings which usually are only indicated in the sum- 

 mer broods, where the color is delicately traced 

 with ferruginous lines ; in the spring butterflies 

 the black markings of the upper surface are also 

 heavier and more diffuse than in the later broods. 



