224 THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT 



The relation of the markings to the areas is still 

 further shown in a curious way. Transverse 

 markings, as has been said, are a predominating 

 feature of butterfly ornamentation. If in the 

 transverse markings of the outer part of the wing, 

 there is a break, a sudden shift of direction, a 

 removal, perhaps, of a fragment of a band to one 

 side ; such a change invariably takes place, I 

 believe, at the line of demarcation between the 

 areas, or at one of the immediately adjacent 

 veins ; never within the limits proper of any one 

 area. On the front wings of the lowest butter- 

 flies we frequently find a submarginal band of 

 spots, of which one or two are situated in the 

 space between the adjacent branches of the sec- 

 ond and third veins. The continuity of this 

 otherwise uniform band is almost always broken 

 by the shifting of these particular spots a little 

 toward the margin of the wing. This is a single 

 instance of which very many could be given. 



It will be seen then that the relation of the 

 markings of the wing to the disposition of the 

 underlying framework is an important one, and 

 actually seems to increase in importance with the 

 complexity of the ornamentation ; so that the 

 study of the diversity of patterns becomes an in- 

 tellectual pleasure. Indeed my first appreciation 

 of .this relation arose from the necessity of describ- 

 ing these markings in professional work ; it was 



