256 A NCES TRY AND CLA SSI PICA TION. 



tant tubercles, situated near the tip, half a dozen 

 or less on either side, seldom rising much above 

 the surface. In the gossamer-winged butterflies 

 they are longer and more frequent ; while in the 

 brush-footed butterflies [Fig. 179] the papillae 

 are often half the breadth of the tongue in length, 

 crowded closely together and often trifid at their 

 tip. 



Finally, how do the modes of transformation 

 affect the question ? The moths, as a general 

 rule, pass their chrysalis stage in a cocoon of silk 



or earth, in which 

 they lie loosely in a 

 horizontal position. 

 The skippers also al- 

 ways undergo their 

 transformations in a 



FIG. 180. Cocoon of Epargyreus Tityrns, -,. -, ., 



nat. size, the front removed to show the two COCOOU, a Him I, iraglle 

 Y-shaped shrouds by which it is suspended. . . . 



affair, it is true, but 



still unquestionably a cocoon ; one or two other 

 butterflies also make a slight cocoon w^herein to 

 change to chrysalis, and these few instances, such 

 as Parnassius and Zegris, belong exclusively to 

 the same family as the swallow-tails, though not 

 to the same exact division. The skippers, how- 

 ever [Fig. 180], do not lie loosely in their cocoons 

 as do the pupae of moths, but spin at either end a 

 Y-shaped thread, into the centre of one of which 

 they plunge their hooked tail, while in the upper 



