Introduction. 3 



a result, perfect justice cannot be done to different pat- 

 rons of creameries where payments for cream delivered 

 are made on the basis of this test. 



3. In cheese factories, and since the introduction of the 

 centrifugal cream separator, in separator creameries, the 

 problem of just payment for the milk furnished by differ- 

 ent patrons was no less perplexing than in the case of 

 gathered- cream factories. By the pooling system gener- 

 ally adopted, each patron received payment in propor- 

 tion to the number of pounds of milk delivered, irre- 

 spective of its quality. Patrons delivering rich milk 

 naturally will not be satisfied with this system when they 

 find that their milk is richer than that of their neigh- 

 bor's. The temptation to fraudulently increase the 

 amount of milk delivered, by watering, or to lower its 

 quality by skimming, will furthermore prove too strong 

 for some patrons; the fact that it was difficult to prove 

 any fraud committed, from lack of a reliable and practi- 

 cal method of milk analysis, rendered this pooling system 

 still more objectionable. 



4. As another instance in which the need of a simple 

 test for determining the fat content of different kinds of 

 milk was strongly felt, may be mentioned the case of pri- 

 vate dairymen and breeders of dairy cattle, who desired 

 to ascertain the butter-producing capacities of the indi- 

 vidual cows in their herds. The only manner in which 

 this could be done, was by the cumbersome method of 

 trial churnings: by saving the milk of the cow to be 

 tested, for a day or a week, and churning separately the 

 cream obtained. This requires a large amount of work 

 when a number of cows are to be tested, and can not 



