The Lactometer and its Application. 105 



cific gravity above 1.34 are suspicious, aud a specific 

 gravity over 1.40 is conclusive evidence of skimming. 



To facilitate the calculation of the specific gravity of 

 milk solids, table IV is given in the Appendix, showing 

 at a glance the value of 100s ~ 10 for specific gravities be- 

 tween 1.019 and 1.0369. An example will readily illus- 

 trate the use of the table. 



Example: A sample of milk has a specific gravity of 1.0343 

 and contains 12.25 per cent, solids. In table IV, we find in the 

 horizontal line beginning with 1.034 under the column headed 

 0.0003, the figure 3.316, which is the value for 10 s ~ 100 when 

 s=i.0343. Introducing this value and that of the total solids 

 in the formula, the calculation is 12.253.316=8.934; 12.25-=- 

 8.934=1.37. The specific gravity of the solids in this case 

 therefore is 1.37. 



123. To recapitulate. Adulteration of milk by water- 

 ing or skimming or both may be established by a com- 

 parison of the composition of the suspected sample with 

 that of a control -sample, or if none such can be obtained, 

 with the legal standards. If the components of the two 

 samples vary appreciably, the milk has been adulterated, 

 and the character of the adulteration is shown from the 

 following statement: 



// the analysis of the suspected sample 

 shows the milk is 



sp. gr. of milk | ~\ 



fat and solids not fat j y watered 



sp. gr. of solids normal ) 



sp. gr. of milk and of solids ") , . , *) 



solids not fat JJUgn C skimmed 



fat and solids low j 



sp. gr. of milk normal ") watered 



sp. gr. of solids, normal or high V and 



fat and solids not fat low ) skimmed 



