PHAN'EROGAMIA. >, ' 



or hermaphrodite ; but it frequently contains but one kind of 

 sporangium 'unisexual) : in the latter case there are two kinds 

 of flowers, microsporangiate and macrosporangiate, which may be 

 borne by the same individual, when thev are said to be diclinous 

 and monoecious; or by two distinct individuals, when they are 

 dioecious (see p. 61). Occasionally the same plant produces both 

 monoclinous and unisexual flowers, when it is said to be polygam- 

 ous. The microsporangiate flowers are frequently termed stamin- 

 ate, and the macrosporangiate flowers carpellary < p. 56 > : the 

 former are indicated by the sign $ , the latter by the the sign , 

 and monoclinous flowers by the sign . In the Gymnosperms 

 the flower always has bnt one kind of sporangium : in the Angio- 

 sperms it generally, though by no means always, has both kinds. 

 The flower of the Gymnosperms is nearly always destitute of a 

 perianth. 



The special morphology of the Perianth is dealt with under 

 the Angiospermae, in which class it attains its highest develop- 

 ment. 



The Sporophyfo are of two kinds : microsporophylls. otherwise 

 known as stamens ; and macrosporophylte, otherwise known as 

 ctirpete : the former bear exclusively microsporangia, the latter 

 exclusively macrosporangia. The sporophylls present considerable 

 varietv of form, and are on the whole more highly specialised than 

 in any of the Pteridophyta. 



The microsporophyll, or stamen (see p. 56 1, in its most highly 

 specialised form, consists of a stalk of varying length, theJUament 

 bearing a terminal structure, the an*h( r, which is a sorus of one 

 or more microsporangia embedded in more or less placental tissue. 

 lu the less highly organized Phanerogams \e.g. most Gymno- 

 s perms;, the microsporophylls are morphologically simpler, having 

 the general character of sessile or shortly-stalked scaly leaves. 



The macrosporophyU, or carpel, bears usually macrosporangia 

 see p. 53 . In the Angiosperms the carpel, either by itself or by 

 cohesion with others, forms a closed cavity, the onary, which is 

 frequently prolonged at its apex into a longer or shorter process, 

 the ftyh\ bearing at its summit a glandular surface, the stigtaa : 

 sometimes the style is absent, so that the stigma is sessile on the 

 ovary : within the ovary the macrosporangia are developed. In 

 the Gymnosperms, the macrosporophylls <when present do not 

 cohere, either individually or several together : so that in this 

 group there is no ovary, style, or stigma ; they are thus distin- 



