436 



PART IV. CLASSIFICATION. 



Fam. 2. Cupress inece : monoecious, sometimes dioecious : macrosporo- 

 phylls with a projecting placental outgrowth. : seeds axillary, erect, often 

 winged : microspores without expansions of the exine : leaves always 

 arranged in whorls. 



In the sub-family Cupressince, including the genera Cupressus and 

 Chamsecyparis, the ripe cone is woody and consists of 2-6 pairs of peltate 

 macrosporophylls coherent by their margins in a valvate manner. The 

 genus Cupressus, the Cypress, has several seeds on each macrosporophyll : 

 in Chamaecyparis each macrosporophyll bears only two seeds. 



The sub-family Juniperince, including the single genus Juniperus, is 

 distinguished from the other sub-families in that the flowers are, as a 

 rule, dioacious ; the ripe cone is somewhat fleshy, resembling a berry or a 

 drupe ; it usually consists of one whorl of macrosporophylls each bearing 

 one or two wi 



FIG. 256. A Branch of Thuja occi- 

 dentdlis ( x 6) showing heteropbylly : fc 

 flank-leaves ; / surface-leaves ; h resin- 

 receptacle. B Fruit of Biota orientals 

 (nat. size) : /macrosporophylls with ven- 

 tral outgrowths d ; d (in the middle line) 

 sterile sporophyHs. 



FIG. 257. A Macrosporangiate 

 flower of Juniperus Sabina, seen from 

 above : //fertile macrosporophylls, 

 bearing macrosporangia s; ff 

 upper part of sterile sporophylls 

 (mag.). JB and C JunipertM com- 

 7u inn's. S young fruit: /// macro- 

 pporophyllB, of which the anterior 

 is turned down : e the ovules. C ripo 

 fruit; the limits of the three ciirpels 

 are only distinguishable at the 

 pox. 



In the section Oxycedrus (including Juniperus communis, the Juniper : 

 J. Oxycedrus, J. macrocarpa, and other species), the cone consists of 1-2 

 whorls; and in the section Sabina (including J. Sabina, J. ciryiniana, 

 etc.), it consists of 2-3 whorls ; the innermost or uppermost whorl alone is 

 fertile as a rule in Oxycedrus, but is sterile in Sabina : the (2-3) seeds are 

 free in most forms : in Sabina the flowers are generalh- monoecious, and 

 the leaves (including sporophylls) are usually in whorls of 2, whilst in 

 the other sections they are in whorls of 3. 



Sub-order II. TAXOIDE.E : the macrosporangiate flowers are. as a rule, 



