GROUP V. ANGIOSPERM^E : MOXOCOTYLEDOXES. 491 



consisting of a single flower only : the glumes are long ; it is common in 

 woods. Molinia ccerulea has a very long haulm, consisting for the most 

 part of a single intemode ; its spikelets are in loose purplish panicles ; it 

 occurs on moors. Briza, the Quaking-Grass, has spikelets which are com- 

 pressed laterally and are cordate at the base ; it is common in meadows. 

 Koeleria cristata has dense panicles; it is common in dry meadows. 

 Dactylis fflomerata, the Cock's-foot Grass, has dense panicles divided into 

 parts which have longer stalks ; it is common in meadows. Poa pratensis, 

 trivialis, etc. (Meadow-Grass), are common in meadows ; their spikelets are 

 compressed laterally ; the glumes have a sharp keel; P. annua is common 

 by the roadside. Other Meadow-Grasses are Glyceria aquaiica sundfluitans, 

 with obtuse unequal gJ nines, .and a lower palea with 5-7 prominent 

 parallel veins, growing in ditches; and Schlerochloa maritima, distani, etc., 

 growing in salt-marshes and by the sea-shore, with acute unequal glumes. 

 In all the Meadow-Grasses, the fruit is free from the pale*. Festuca 

 efatior, and others, the Fescue-Grasses, are common in meadows. Bromus, 

 the Brome-Grass, of which there are several species, is common in fields 

 (B. secalinus), in meadows (B. racemosus and others), by the roadside (B. 

 sterilis and mollis). Brachypodium, with shortly-stalked spikelets in a 

 simple raceme, and unequal glumes, is common in woods (B. sylva/icum) 

 and on heaths (B. pinnatum). In Phragmites the axis of the spikelet i* 

 covered with long silky hairs ; Phragmites communis, the Used, ccsurs 

 abundantly in marshes. Sesleria caerulea, the Moor-Grass, has laterally 

 compressed spikelets in dense panicles. Gynerium, the Pampas-Grass, 

 also belongs here; it is dioecious. The upper flowers in the spikelets of 

 plants belonging to this tribe are often unisexual, and <J; Phragmites is 

 peculiar in that the lower flower of the spikelet is <? . 



Tribe 9. Chtoridecb : spikelets laterally compressed, usually 1-flowered, 

 sessile, in compound spikes : glumes 2. Cynodon Dactylon, the Dog's-tooth 

 Grass, is often abundant on waste ground. Spartina slricta occurs in salt- 

 marshes. 



Tribe 10. Hordece : spikslets solitary, or 2 or 3 together, 1- or many- 

 flowered, situated in depressions on the main floral axis nearly always in 

 two opposite rows, forming the so-called spike : glumes 1-2. In Lolium, 

 the Rye-Grass (L. perenne, Darnel, is common everywhere), the posterior 

 surface (that is, the middle line of the posterior glume) is directed towards 

 the main axis, and this glume is usually rudimentary. In all the other 

 genera the side of the spikelet is directed towards the main axis, and 

 there are two glumes. In Agopyrum, the paleae adhere to and fall off with 

 the fruit: A. repens, the Couch-Grass, is common everywhere, and is a 

 troublesome weed on account of its spreading rhizome. Secale cereale, the 

 Rye, has 2-flowered spikelets and narrow awl-shaped glumes. In Xardus 

 stricta, the Mat-Grass, the two rows of spikelets converge laterally ; the 

 glumes are rudimentary ; there is but one stigma ; the leaves and haulms 

 are rough ; it grows on moors. Triticum, the Wheat, has 3- or more 

 flowered spikelets, with ovate glumes. Three species are cultivated, T. 

 monococcum, T. sativum and T. polonicum ; in the first species the terminal 

 spikelet is abortive. The following varieties of T. sativum are cultivated ; 



