GROUP V. ANGIOSPERALE ; DICOTYLEDONES. 515 



developed and bears leaves. Bohmeria nivea, a native of China and Japan, 

 has strong bast-fibres used for weaving the material known in England as 

 Grass-cloth. Parietaria officinalis, Wall-Pellitory, having polygamous 

 flowers with a gamophyllous perianth, and destitute of stinging hairs 

 occurs occasionally on walls, by roadsides, etc. 



Order 2. MORACE^E. Ovary generally dimerous, and sometimes 

 bilocular (Artocarpus) : ovule suspended, anatropous or campylotro- 

 pous, more rarely basal and orthotropous : seed with or without 

 endosperm ; the fruit is enveloped by the perianth (usually 2 + 2), 

 which becomes fleshy, or by a fleshy floral axis. Trees and 

 shrubs with milky juice, scattered leaves and caducous stipules. 



Morus alba and n iyra (Mulberry) come from Asia ; the flowers' are dis- 

 posed in short catkins ; the catkins are borne singly on shoots, which, at 

 the time of flowering are still buds, and they contain the diclinous flowers ; 

 the $ flowers give rise, as ripening take place, to 

 a spurious fruit (sorosis, p. 472), consisting of 

 spurious drupes formed mainly by the perianths. 

 The leaves, particularly of the former species, are 

 the food of the silkworm. Brousxonetia papyrifera 

 (Paper Mulberry) has flowers like the preceding, 

 but they are dioecious : the bark is made into 

 paper in China and Japan. Madura tindoria, in 

 Central America, yields Fustic, a dye. Fiats 

 Carica is the Fig-tree of Southern Europe ; the 

 fig itself (termed a syconus) is the deeply concave 

 axis of the inflorescence, on the inner surface of 

 which the flowers and subsequently the fruits, in FIG. 32*. Longitudinal 

 the form of hard grains (achenes), are borne (Fig. 8ection of a Fi * (nat 8ize > : 

 321 /); the cavity is closed above by small ^eel""/ 1 .^ T, 

 bracts (Fig. 324 6). Ficus elastica is the India- flowers ; 6 bracts, 

 rubber tree ; it is frequently cultivated in rooms. 



F. religiosa and other East Indian species yield Caoutchouc, which is their 

 inspissated milky juice (latex). Ficus indica is the Banyan. Artocarpus 

 incisa is the Bread-fruit tree of the South Sea Islands ; the large spurious 

 fruit (sorosis) of this tree is roasted and eaten as bread. Galadodendron 

 riile, the Cow-tree of Columbia, has a nutritious latex, while that of Anti- 

 aris toxicaria (Java) is poisonous. 



Order 3. CANNABINACELE. Ovary dimerous, unilocular: ovule 

 suspended, campylotropous : seed with endosperm. Flowers 

 dioecious : the < flowers (Fig. 325 A) have a 5-partite perianth and 

 5 short stamens; the $ flowers have a tubular entire perianth 

 (Fig. 325 S, p\ enclosed in a bracteole (Fig. 325 B, tf). Herbs with 

 decussate leaves at least the lower ones and persistent stipules ; 

 devoid of latex. 



