GROUP V. AXGIOSPERM.E ; DICOTYLEDONES. 531 



Xgmphaa alba, the white Water-Lily, has four green sepals, a great 

 number of white petals which, together with the very numerous stamens, 

 are arranged spirally, and a semi-inferior ovary. Xuphar luteum, the 

 yellow Water-Lily, has a calyx consisting usually of five greenish-yellow 

 sepals ; the petals, which are smaller and yellow, are usually 18 in number, 

 and form a continuous spiral with the indefinite stamens ; the ovary is 

 superior. Victoria regia, a Brazilian species, has peltate leaves of more 

 than a j-ard in diameter. 



Tribe 2. Nelunibiece. Ovaries numerous, distinct, imbedded in the fleshy 

 receptacle : seeds solitary, exalbuminous. 



Nelumbium upeciosum is the Lotus of Egypt and Asia. 



Tribe 3. Cabombete. Flowers cyclic. Calyx and corolla each three- 

 leaved. Stamens 3-18 or x. Ovaries 3-18, monomerous, each with two or 

 three ovules attached to its walls or to the dorsal suture of the carpel. 

 Seeds containing endosperm and perisperm. The submerged leaves are 

 much divided, the floating leaves peltate. Cabomba occurs in tropical 

 America : Brasenia is widely distributed. 



Order 4. BERBERIDACE.E. The calyx, corolla, and androecium, 

 each, consist of two di- or tri-merous whorls. Gynaeeeum mono- 

 merous ; ovary with numerous marginal ovules. Fruit capsular or 

 baccate. Seed with endosperm. 



Berberis vulgar is is the Barberry, its floral formula is /T3 + 3, 6*3-1-3, 

 A3+3, G ; the flowers are in pendent racemes, usually without terminal 

 Hewers; when a terminal flower is present it is acyclic and its formula is 

 Kb | Co | Ab (see Fig. 262, p. 447). Fruit an oval berry. The leaves of the 

 ordinary shoots are transformed into spines (Fig. 29), in the axils of which 

 are dwarf-shoots bearing the foliage-leaves and the inflorescences. Epi- 

 medium has a dimerous flower ; calyx of 4-5 whorls ; petals spurred. In 

 Berberis, sub-genus Mahonia. there are 3 whorls of sepals, and in Nandina 

 many whorls, the inner of which gradually become petaloid. Podophyllum 

 has sometimes 3 whorls of petals (though the number of petals varies in 

 consequence of oligomery), and shows duplication of the stamens of the 

 inner whorl. The anthers usually dehisce by valves, but in Podophyllum 

 and Nandina the dehiscence is longitudinal. 



Cohort II. Caryophyllales. Flowers cyclic, generally actino- 

 imrphic and pentamerous, sometimes monochlamydeous : calyx 

 often gamosepalous : stamens usually definite : ovary unilocular, 

 with basal placenta : seed with perisperm. 



Order 1. CARYOPHYLLACE.E. Flowers generally pentamerous, 

 with calyx and corolla, though the latter is suppressed in some 

 cases; sepals distinct or coherent: stamens in two whorls of 

 which the inner is often wanting; ovary 2-, 3-, or 5-merous, 

 unilocular; or multilocular at the base, with a central placenta 



